Deposition of Carotenoids in Eggs from Hens Fed Diets Containing Saponified and Unsaponified Oleoresin Paprika

Deposition of carotenoids in saponified paprika (SP) and unsaponified oleoresin paprika (OP) in egg yolks as well as the dietary level for desired pigmentation were evaluated. Sixty-four hens on a carotenoid-depletion diet were divided into two replicated groups of each of eight dietary treatments containing from 0 to 16 mg paprika carotenoids per kg feed. Colour and the carotenoid content of egg yolk increased linearly ( P< 0·01) with the amounts of paprika carotenoids in the diets. The colours of egg yolks from hens fed similar concentra-tions of OP or SP were not significantly different ( P< 0·01). A low dose (4 mg kg⁻¹) of OP or SP provided yolk colour equivalent to the colour of eggs in supermarkets. High-performance liquid chromatographic analyses showed that carotenoids deposited in the yolk are in the free alcohol form, regardless of the form of carotenoids in the diet. Capsanthin, the predominant carotenoid in paprika, was deposited in egg yolk less efficiently than zeaxanthin and lutein.     

计算光刻驱动DFM的拥有成本

45和32nm节点的可制造性需要新的策略。计算光刻提供了为设计流程定义解决方案的方法。随着晶体管数目的增加、芯片功能和性能的日益提高,集成电路的几何尺寸变得越来越小,这需要以一种史无前例的方法来改造设计和制造流程。当关键技术、工具和接口开始出现并且展示它们的实际价值     

Self‐Assembled In‐Plane Growth of Mg2SiO4 Nanowires on Si Substrates Catalyzed by Au Nanoparticles

In‐plane growth of Mg₂SiO₄ nanowires on Si substrates is achieved by using a vapor transport method with Au nanoparticles as catalyst. The self‐assembly of the as‐grown nanowires shows dependence on the substrate orientation, i.e., they are along one, two, and three particular directions on Si (110), (100), and (111) substrates, respectively. Detailed electron microscopy studies suggest that the Si substrates participate in the formation of Mg₂SiO₄, and the epitaxial growth of the nanowires is confined along the Si <110> directions. This synthesis route is quite reliable, and the dimensions of the Mg₂SiO₄ nanowires can be well controlled by the experiment parameters. Furthermore, using these nanowires, a lithography‐free method is demonstrated to fabricate nanowalls on Si substrates by controlled chemical etching. The Au nanoparticle catalyzed in‐plane epitaxial growth of the Mg₂SiO₄ nanowires hinges on the intimate interactions between substrates, nanoparticles, and nanowires, and our study may help to advance the developments of novel nanomaterials and functional nanodevices.     

Extreme Two‐Phase Cooling from Laser‐Etched Diamond and Conformal,Template‐Fabricated Microporous Copper

This paper reports the first integration of laser‐etched polycrystalline diamond microchannels with template‐fabricated microporous copper for extreme convective boiling in a composite heat sink for power electronics and energy conversion. Diamond offers the highest thermal conductivity near room temperature, and enables aggressive heat spreading along triangular channel walls with 1:1 aspect ratio. Conformally coated porous copper with thickness 25 µm and 5 µm pore size optimizes fluid and heat transport for convective boiling within the diamond channels. Data reported here include 1280 W cm^?2 of heat removal from 0.7 cm² surface area with temperature rise beyond fluid saturation less than 21 K, corresponding to 6.3 × 10⁵ W m^?2 K^?1. This heat sink has the potential to dissipate much larger localized heat loads with small temperature nonuniformity (5 kW cm^?2 over 200 µm × 200 µm with <3 K temperature difference). A microfluidic manifold assures uniform distribution of liquid over the heat sink surface with negligible pumping power requirements (e.g., <1.4 × 10^?4 of the thermal power dissipated). This breakthrough integration of functional materials and the resulting experimental data set a very high bar for microfluidic heat removal.     

Non‐geostationary satellite orbit communications satellite constellations history

This special issue of the journal on ‘constellations’ comes at a critical time in their development as a second wave of such non‐geostationary satellite orbit (NGSO) systems is being planned and deployed. These mega‐constellations as they have become known are, with a few exceptions, very much larger than those in the first wave and are focused on broadband and 5G applications rather than speech and narrow band data as those deployed in the first wave during the 1990s. However, as we explain in this editorial, there are many similarities in the design and business plans to the first wave and, perhaps, many similar lessons to be learned.     

Tunable Injection Barrier in Organic Resistive Switches Based on Phase‐Separated Ferroelectric–Semiconductor Blends

Organic non‐volatile resistive bistable diodes based on phase‐separated blends of ferroelectric and semiconducting polymers are fabricated. The polarization field of the ferroelectric modulates the injection barrier at the semiconductor–electrode contact and, hence, the resistance of the comprising diodes. Comparison between the on‐ and off‐current of the switching diodes, with the current measured for semiconductor‐only diodes reveals that the switching occurs between bulk‐limited, i.e., space‐charge‐limited, and injection‐limited current transport. By deliberately varying the HOMO energy of the semiconductor and the work‐function of the metal electrode, it is demonstrated that injection barriers up to 1.6 eV can be surmounted by the ferroelectric polarization yielding on/off current modulations of more than five orders of magnitude. The exponential dependence of the current modulation with a slope of 0.25 eV/decade is rationalized by the magnitude of the injection barrier.     

直接调制应用中的混合分数N阶合成器

对减少元器件数量、提高性能的需求不断促使无线系统结构的革新，其中之一就是直接调制结构。直接调制适于采用调频方式的GSM、蓝牙和802.11b系统。系统发射部分的直接调制，直接将数据送入DS合成器的DS调制器部分。目前，对高速数据系统采用这项调制技术尚有困难，这是因为DS合成器环路带宽窄，不足以减少DS调制器在高频段产生的量化噪声。这种带宽较窄的锁相环滤波器一方面衰减量化噪音，另一方面，由于数据也被滤掉，会引起符号间干扰(ISI)。所以，为了在高速数据速率标准中使用直接调制结构，必须降低量化噪声。本文分析几种类型…     

A continuous-time delta-sigma modulator for 802.11a/b/g WLAN implemented with a hierarchical bottom-up optimization methodology

This paper presents a 3rd-order continuous-time Delta-Sigma modulator with a resolution of 10 bits for a 10 MHz signal bandwidth. It is designed in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology and consumes only 6 mW. After the design/selection of the topologies for the integrators, comparator and D/A converters, optimal sizing of the complete modulator was ensured by using a hierarchical bottom-up, multi-objective evolutionary design methodology. With this methodology, a set of Pareto-optimal modulator designs is generated by using Pareto-optimal performance solutions of the hierarchically decomposed lower-level subblocks. From the generated Pareto-optimal design set, a final optimal design is chosen that complies with the specifications for the 802.11a/b/g WLAN standard and has minimal power consumption.     

利用视频套件加速FPGA上的视频开发

处理器友好型视频开发的新方法,无须VHDL或Verilog知识即可生成高度优化的结果 随着下一代视频压缩标准问世,行业从基本视频处理向更复杂的集成处理解决方案转移,达使得系统的要求超越了独立DSP力所能及的视频性能.FPGA以不到30美元的价格提供20GMACs以上的DSP性能,从而为成本敏感型军事、汽车、医疗、消费、工业和安全应用填补了这一空白.只有FPGA能够为整套端对端视频解决方案提供逻辑、嵌入式处理、OS支持和驱动器.     

Conjugate-order systems for signal processing: stability, causality, boundedness, compactness

The fundamental system theory is presented for a class of real systems whose derivative order is complex. It is demonstrated that these so-called conjugate-order systems have a scale-invariance property in both the time and frequency domains, which makes them useful for describing certain phenomena in continuous media. The conditions for which these systems are guaranteed to be causal and stable are reviewed. The compactness properties of their Hankel operators, which allow them to admit finite-order approximations, are also discussed. A procedure is developed for choosing appropriate transfer-function parameter values to design a stable conjugate-order system whose frequency response meets given bandwidth, resonance, and ripple specifications.