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71.
PURPOSE: Leptin is a recently discovered hormone that appears as a regulator of energy balance. It is important to know whether leptin concentrations are changed under conditions of altered energy homeostasis. Consequently, we examined the effects of exercise with fasting and exercise with feeding on circulating leptin concentrations in healthy men and in type 1 diabetic patients with normal body weight and well controlled diabetes. METHODS: Leptin concentrations were determined with radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: During a 3-h cycle ergometer exercise with fasting, leptin decreased by 42% (P < 0.01) in nine healthy men and by 23% (P = 0.05) in eight male type 1 diabetic patients. Leptin fell equally by 12% (P < 0.03) both in nine healthy men and in eight male type 1 diabetic patients who were studied as a resting control group. The absolute fall in leptin in healthy men was similar in the exercise and resting control groups (0.8 +/- 0.1 microgram.L-1 vs 0.8 +/- 0.2 microgram.L-1). However, due to lower leptin concentration before the exercise, the relative decrease (42%) was greater than during the resting control study (12%, P < 0.005). This difference was not seen in the diabetic patients. Fasting leptin concentration correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.75, P < 0.001) and fasting insulin (r = 0.71, P < 0.01) in healthy men as well as with insulin level (r = 0.54, p < 0.05) in type 1 diabetic patients. When exercise was performed with feeding, and this was associated with a significant rise in serum cortisol level (marathon run, 14 healthy men and 7 type 1 diabetic patients), leptin concentration did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: 1) During morning hours, leptin decreases both in healthy men and in type 1 diabetic patients, reflecting a diurnal variation of leptin concentration and the effect of fasting on leptin concentration. 2) The fall in leptin during morning hours is augmented by physical exercise in healthy men. 3) If exercise is performed with feeding and associated with a rise in serum cortisol level, leptin concentration remains unchanged. These data suggest that although exercise may reduce circulating leptin levels, the effect is small and can be counterbalanced by feeding or a rise in serum cortisol concentration. 相似文献
72.
BMDP program for piecewise linear regression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T Nakamura 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》1986,23(1):53-55
Piecewise linear regression has potentially broad applications in medical data analysis as well as other types of regression. Various kinds of algorithms have been proposed for finding optimum piecewise linear regressions. This paper presents a BMDP program for obtaining near optimum piecewise linear regression equations. An idea intrinsic to the method is that restricting parameter space to a discrete set makes the difficult problems become standard problems. Any software having the variable selection feature in the multiple linear regression can be used to apply the method. 相似文献
73.
The formation of Schardinger ß-dextrin from starch by an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (ATCC 21783) has been studied. Factors affecting the yield of cyclodextrins include the type, concentration, and dispersion of the starch; the time of the enzymolysis, the amount of enzyme used. A method for the preparation of Schardinger ß-dextrin on a industrial scale without using precipitants was devised. The final yield of ß-cyclodextrin was 3.6 kg from 15 kg of potato starch. 相似文献
74.
Ichiro Imae Yuto Nakamura Kenji Komaguchi Yousuke Ooyama Joji Ohshita Yutaka Harima 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2012,13(4)
We have developed a simple method of fabricating transparent conductive films with a high mechanical strength on glass and indium tin oxide substrates. It does not require a large excess of organic solvents and polymerization catalysts and can yield smooth films by spin-coating of a mixture of a commercially available aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrene sulfonate) and a neat liquid of tetraethyl orthosilicate. Preparation conditions such as feed ratio, kinds of additives, and annealing temperature and time were optimized to give highly conductive, transparent and mechanically strong films. 相似文献
75.
In clustering algorithms, it is usually assumed that the number of clusters is known or given. In the absence of such a priori information, a procedure is needed to find an appropriate number of clusters. This paper presents a clustering algorithm that incorporates a mechanism for finding the appropriate number of clusters as well as the locations of cluster prototypes. This algorithm, called multi-scale clustering, is based on scale-space theory by considering that any prominent data structure ought to survive over many scales. The number of clusters as well as the locations of cluster prototypes are found in an objective manner by defining and using lifetime and drift speed clustering criteria. The outcome of this algorithm does not depend on the initial prototype locations that affect the outcome of many clustering algorithms. As an application of this algorithm, it is used to enhance the Hough transform technique. 相似文献
76.
This paper presents a computational technique for creating whole-body motions of human and animal characters without reference motion. Our work enables animators to generate a natural motion by dragging a link to an arbitrary position with any number of links pinned in the global frame, as well as other constraints such as desired joint angles and joint motion ranges. The method leads to an intuitive pin-and-drag interface where the user can generate whole-body motions by simply switching on or off or strengthening or weakening the constraints. This work is based on a new interactive inverse kinematics technique that allows more flexible attachment of pins and various types of constraints. Editing or retargeting captured motion requires only a small modification to the original method, although it can also create natural motions from scratch. We demonstrate the usefulness and advantage of our method with a number of example motion clips. 相似文献
77.
Because functional diseases of the brain can cause disabilities related to human movement control, a compensation method was
developed for improving the performance of hand movements. The compensation for human hand movements can be carried out by
adding an assistant force that is generated from artificial equipment attached to a human arm. From the experiment on visual
target tracking, it was found that the tracking trajectory was adequately represented by a dynamic model of the motion of
an articulated industrial robot arm, and the different abilities for movement control among healthy people and patients were
classified by different model parameters as position loop gain, velocity loop gain, and response delay. Dynamic force compensation
was approached by considering the different control features of the patients. The effectiveness of the proposed compensation
method was verified in a simulation study on an actual industrial robot arm. A human-machine interface, e.g., a brain-computer
interface (BCI), for realizing the control of artificial equipment to compensate for human hand movements is also presented
and discussed. 相似文献
78.
K. Kainosho M. Ohta M. Uchida M. Nakamura O. Oda 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1996,25(3):353-356
Recently, it was found that undoped semi-insulating InP can be obtained by highpressure annealing of high purity materials.
The reproducibility and the uniformity was, however, not satisfactory. In the present work, we found that not only Fe concentrations
but also Cr and Ni concentrations in annealed wafers were slightly increased during annealing. Since it seems that the origin
of the contamination was due to the vapor source of red phosphorus, conductive InP with a trace amount of Fe was annealed
under low phosphorus vapor pressure in order to reduce the contamination. By preventing the contamination of Cr and Ni, preparation
of semi-insulating InP became highly reproducible. The minimum Fe concentration for realizing semi-insulating InP was found
to be 1 x 1015cm−3. It was also found that the better resistivity uniformity can be obtained at higher annealing temperatures. 相似文献
79.
The tensile strengths and elongations of starch films prepared from various unmodified and modified starches were measured. These properties were improved by addition of urea and polyvinyl alcohol to the starch paste. The results obtained were as follows.
- 1 The heating temperature greatly affected the tensile strength and elongation of various unmodified starches. Potato starch gave the best film.
- 2 Introduction of hydroxyethyl groups into corn starch had unexpectedly little affect on the properties of the films.
- 3 A combination of hydroxyethylation and acid-modification slightly improved the properties of the films.
- 4 No film could be obtained after combinations of hydroxyethylation and hypochlorite-oxidation, pyrodextrinization or α-amylase-dextrinization. However, addition of urea to these modified starches resulted in good films.
- 5 On addition of urea the elongation of starch films increased and the pastes adhered uniformly to water repellent surfaces.
- 6 A film with the best properties was prepared from a mixture of 67% acid-modified hydroxyethyl starch, 13% urea and 20% polyvinyl alcohol.
80.