Time-Dependent Reliability of PSC Box-Girder Bridge Considering Creep, Shrinkage, and Corrosion

Bridge performance undergoes time-varying changes when exposed to aggressive environments. While much work has been done on bridge reliability under corrosion, little is known about the effects of creep and shrinkage on the reliability of concrete bridges. In this paper, the CEB-FIP model for creep and shrinkage is applied by using finite-element (FE) analysis in conjunction with probabilistic considerations. Verification is made by comparing the analytical findings with existing test data. More specifically, a time-dependent reliability assessment is made for a composite prestressed concrete (PSC) box-girder bridge exposed to a chloride environment. This realized via an advanced probabilistic FE method. The postcracking behavior of the thin-walled box girder is described using composite degenerated shell elements, and importance sampling is used to improve the efficiency of the reliability analyses. It is shown that concrete creep and shrinkage dominate during the early stages of bridge structure deterioration. This is accompanied by a decrease in reliability owing to the combined action of creep, shrinkage, and corrosion. The reliability indexes for the serviceability and the tendon yielding limit state fall below the target levels prior to the expected service life. Therefore, early maintenance and/or repair measures are required.     

国内外热轧钢材轧制技术的发展

介绍了国内外近年来热轧钢材轧制技术的最新发展情况,其中包括:热轧带钢、中厚板、型棒线、管材、钢轨及环形轧制技术等方面不断取得的新进展,为国内钢铁行业采用先进轧制工艺及进一步开发高性能、高附加值新钢种提供了有益的参考.     

CsCl-PEG400-H2O三元体系在15,25和35℃时的等温溶解度、密度及折光率研究

采用半微量相平衡测定装置和高精度密度-折光率测定仪,精确测定了CsCl-PEG 400-H2O三元体系在15,25和35℃3个温度下不同组分百分比溶液的折光率和密度数据,通过关联密度和折光率数据获得了CsCl在上述温度下的等温溶解度.对饱和体系的溶解度研究表明:在同一温度下CsCl的溶解度随聚乙二醇质量分数的增加而减小;在不同温度下CsCl的溶解度随温度的升高而增大.采用经验方程lnS=A1+A2ω2+A3ω2(2)+A4ω2(3)对饱和体系的溶解度进行了关联,效果较好.对不饱和体系的研究表明:当盐含量一定时,随着醇水比例的增加,体系的密度不断增大,折光率也随盐含量增加而增大;当醇水质量比一定时,体系的密度和折光率随盐含量的增加而增大,对不饱和体系的密度和折光率用经验方程Y=(A0+A1ω2+A2ω1+A3ω1ω2+A4ω2ω1(2))×exp[A5(ω1/ω3)+A6(ω1/ω3)2]进行拟合,拟合效果较好,同时给出了体系的盐析率曲线.本研究不仅为溶液化学提供了基础数据,也为混合溶液中盐和醇的分离纯化提供一种新的方法和思路,对CsCl进一步的应用、开发和研究具有一定的参考价值.     

压铸模具选材和辅助设计专家系统

基于数据库技术和模块化设计方法,采用产生式规则知识表达方法,将选材和设计的大量相关数据、专家经验知识和判据构成知识库,并利用语言编程方法建立了专家系统的整体框架.研究开发了理论依据充分、先进实用的热作模具选材及设计专家系统,实现了热作模具选材和设计的信息存储、快速查询及专家推荐等功能,为实现模具生产工艺制定提供依据和指导.     

Hot Compression Mechanical Behavior of Solution Heat-Treated and Pre-aged Mg-Zn-Gd-Er Alloys

The mechanical behavior of solution heat-treated and pre-aged Mg-6Zn-1Gd-1Er alloys during hot compression (from 180 to 330 °C) has been investigated. The results showed that the flow stress curves of the pre-aged sample (PAS) intersected with that of the solution heat-treated sample (SHTS) during hot compression. At 180 °C, when the true strain is 0.27 and 0.47, the PAS showed larger and smaller stress (210.80 MPa vs. 207.58 MPa and 205.67 MPa vs. 207.93 MPa) than the SHTS, respectively. These phenomena were due to the stronger interaction of W phase and dislocations/twins under the strain of 0.27, while dynamic recrystallization softening occurred under the strain of 0.47. When the temperature increased to 330 °C, the flow stress of PAS and SHTS showed an opposite trend to that of 180 °C. Continuous dynamic recrystallization and particle stimulated nucleation based on slip operations are the main deformation mechanisms under 330 °C. At the true strain is 0.33 and 0.53, the PAS has smaller and larger stress (61.32 MPa vs. 63.69 MPa and 58.75 MPa vs. 57.09 MPa) than the SHTS, respectively. The increasing deformation resistance of dynamic precipitation improved the flow stress under smaller strain and dynamic recrystallization decreased the flow stress under high strain, which resulted the opposite phenomena of SHTS.     

生鲜水产品保鲜膜和保鲜衬垫的应用及研究进展

目的 阐明提高生鲜水产品贮藏保鲜性能的适用方法,指出现有水产品保鲜技术和保鲜材料存在的问题及不足,对未来生鲜水产品保鲜材料的发展作出展望性分析。方法 介绍生鲜水产品保鲜常用的物理、化学和生物保鲜技术的优势和不足。从分类、应用范围及抗菌、抗氧化等性能多角度出发分析保鲜膜、保鲜衬垫的研究现状。结果 传统的保鲜技术虽对生鲜水产品有一定的保鲜作用,但其保鲜性能有限,保鲜膜、保鲜衬垫辅以抗菌、抗氧化等性能的生物保鲜剂,可延长生鲜水产品的货架期。结论 保鲜膜、保鲜衬垫同生物保鲜剂联合使用,以获得具有高效、长效保鲜性能的新型保鲜材料,提高了生鲜水产品的鲜度品质。新型保鲜材料具有广阔的发展前景。     

协同式神经网络的识别性能分析

本文对一类全新的神经网络——协同式神经网络的性能进行了研究.在介绍了模式识别协同式神经网络原理的基础上,进一步分析了离散协同网络的识别稳定性及识别率,并与传统神经网络——Hopfield网络在汉字图像识别方面进行了性能比较,进而指出协同式神经网络在真实汉字图像识别性能上具有极大的优势.     

珠江口盆地东部海域含天然气水合物沉积层的地球物理特征

为了弄清珠江口盆地东部海域为何存在渗漏型和扩散型两种天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)类型以及其间的地球物理特征有何区别,根据钻井资料和区域地质条件,对该区地震和测井资料进行了精细分析,总结了不同水合物沉积地层的地球物理特征和构造特征。结果表明:(1)含水合物层的测井曲线具有高电阻率、高声波速度、高中子孔隙度、低补偿密度和低自然伽马值的"三高两低"的异常特征;(2)含水合物层在地震反射剖面上具有似海底反射(BSR)、振幅空白带、BSR与地层斜交及眼球状结构等特征;(3)当地震剖面上存在模糊、杂乱反射且BSR之下气烟囱发育、BSR之上有断裂通道时,通道内容易形成渗漏型水合物矿体,而BSR上面连续性较好的振幅空白带所反映的沉积地层则是扩散型水合物矿藏的主要储集层;(4)渗漏型水合物矿藏上、下两层水合物的物性特征存在着显著区别,下层水合物碳氢气体浓度较高,在断层通道内高度聚集形成块状水合物,上层水合物碳氢气体浓度下降,分布范围较广;(5)扩散型水合物由于气体容积扩散导致气体浓度下降,分布范围较大。     

油基钻井液对超深裂缝性致密砂岩气藏的保护能力评价

以塔里木盆地山前白垩系巴什基奇克组某超深、裂缝性致密砂岩气藏为研究对象,探究油基钻井液对其储层的损害机理,以便于完善油基钻井液储层保护能力评价方法和优选原则。为此开展了钻井液滤液损害、钻井液体系动态损害以及滤饼承压能力室内实验,完善了该钻井液储层保护能力的室内评价方法。首先进行固相粒度分析前进行钻井液预处理,然后模拟动态损害过程评价钻井液返排渗透率恢复率,最后开展滤饼承压能力评价。实验结果表明:1主要的储层损害方式为固相侵入、液相圈闭损害;2油基钻井液滤液对基块损害程度为强;3钻井液体系对裂缝动态损害程度达到中等偏强—强,钻井液滤饼仅对100μm及以下缝宽裂缝具有封堵能力。结论认为,应用油基钻井液保护该类储层应优先保证油基钻井液滤饼承压能力,同时兼顾动态损害渗透率恢复率和液相圈闭损害程度。     

Safety Evaluation and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain PS23 (PS23) exhibits some probiotic properties. In this study, a genomic analysis of PS23 revealed no genes related to virulence or antibiotic resistance. Moreover, ornithine decarboxylase activity was not detected in vitro. In addition, PS23 was sensitive to the tested antibiotics. Genotoxicity tests for PS23 including the Ames test and chromosomal aberrations in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary cells and micronuclei in immature erythrocytes of ICR mice were all negative. Moreover, following a 28-day study involving repeated oral dose toxicity tests (40, 400, and 4000 mg/kg equal 1.28 × 10¹⁰, 1.28 × 10¹¹, and 1.28 × 10¹² CFU/kg body weight, respectively) using an ICR mouse model, no adverse effects were observed from any doses. In addition, supplementation with live or heat-killed PS23 ameliorates DSS-induced colonic inflammation in mice. Our findings suggest that PS23 is safe and has anti-inflammatory effects and may therefore have therapeutic implications.