Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.     

划痕法测Ni—P合金镀层结合力的研究

本文用划痕法测定了Ni-P合金镀层的结合力;观察了划痕侧面镀层的失效形式;分析了三种评定结合力的参数。结果指出,临界载荷L_C、平均应力σ_A用于评定Ni-P镀层的结合力是有条件的,而B-W公式存在的问题更多。     

Thermal stability behaviors of Cr(N,O)/CrN double-layered coatings by TGA/DTA analysis

In this study, Cr(N,O)/CrN double-layered coatings were synthesized using the cathodic arc deposition (CAD) process. CrN film was first deposited onto a substrate as an interlayer to ensure better adhesion, and Cr(N,O) film was subsequently deposited on top of the CrN layer as the surface layer. Variation in the Cr(N,O) coating composition was achieved through changing the O₂/N₂ flow ratio during the last stage of processing. Phase structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the resulting coatings were analyzed and observed using the X-ray diffractometer, Auger electron spectrometer and SEM. In addition, oxidation behavior of the coatings was investigated using TGA/DTA methods. The tests were carried out by increasing temperature up to 1000 °C in ambient air. With the introduction of oxygen gas during the CAD process, a superficial layer was produced in the Cr(N,O) constituent containing CrN and Cr₂O₃ phases. The formation of the oxide phase attributed to the reaction of chromium and oxygen was more favorable than that of chromium and nitrogen. The results also showed that Cr(N,O)/CrN double-layered coatings exhibited superior oxidation resistance at elevated temperature than that of CrN single-layer coated specimen (870 °C vs. 750 °C).     

精密工业配件的注射成型模拟

采用CAE技术对工业配件精密焊丝盘的注射成型工艺过程进行了计算机动态模拟,研究了不同充填时间、压力、注射温度和模具温度对焊丝盘边沿翘曲变形的影响规律,从而提出了优化模具冷却系统的方案和加工工艺参数     

产学研紧密合作开发新型相变塑性钢——祝贺上海市金属学会成立50周年

阐述了相变诱发塑性钢的特性及其在先进汽车用钢中的重要作用.举例说明了鞍山钢铁公司和上海大学在产学研结合的模式下成功进行了不同等级相变塑性钢的研发.     

气-电纺PHB引导组织再生膜的仿生矿化研究

实验将PHB通过气流-高压静电纺丝制成无纺膜，利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）对其形态和结构进行表征。在体外研究中，分别将无纺膜样本浸入37℃1．5倍仿生体液（SBF）中3、7、14、28d后对其表面形态和结构进行表征。结果表明，气电纺PHB无纺膜由超细纤维交织而成，纤维之间有多孔形成；通过气流一静电纺丝之后，PHB的结晶度及晶体的有序度降低；PHB膜在SBF中浸泡3天之后就有矿化结晶在纤维的表面形成，随着浸泡时间的增长，矿化结晶的数目增加，结晶度也随之增高，XRD及FTIR表明形成的结晶为含有碳酸根的磷灰石晶体。     

Synergistic inhibition between o-phenanthroline and chloride ion for steel corrosion in sulphuric acid

The corrosion inhibition of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M sulphuric acid in the presence of o-phenanthroline and sodium chloride (NaCl) has been investigated by using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The experimental data suggest that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing NaCl concentration in the presence of 0.0002 M o-phenanthroline, but decreases with increasing temperature. A synergistic effect is observed when o-phenanthroline and chloride ions are used together to prevent cold rolled steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulphuric acid. The polarization curves showed that the complex of o-phenanthroline and NaCl acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The experimental results suggested that the presence of chloride ions in the solution stabilized the adsorption of o-phenanthroline molecules on the metal surface and improved the inhibition efficiency of o-phenanthroline. The adsorption of the complex accords with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption entropy and adsorption free energy have been calculated by employing thermodynamic equations. Kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor have been calculated and discussed.     

单级单开关不连续导电模式功率因数校正电路新方案

分析了几种单级单开关不连续导电、带输出电压隔离的功率因数校正电路，分别讨论了其优缺点，并提出了一种新的功率因数校正电路。     

Mn含量对0.15C-0.6Si-Mn TRIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

经过在两相区退火和贝氏体区等温处理，研究了两种不同锰含量的低硅TRIP钢的组织和力学性能，试验结果表明，低硅和低锰钢的残留奥氏体量少，力学性能差；增加锰含量，能提高残留奥氏体量及拉伸强度和伸长率，其力学性能与常规低碳Si-MnTRIP钢的水平相关，用电子探针测试了两相区退火钢中锰和硅的分布情况，发现锰在临界区退火时不发生再分配。     

STRENGTHENING OF THE Fe-0.04Nb-0.02C ALLOY

Fe-0.04Nb-0.02C合金经1175—900℃轧制并随即在600℃等温处理后,获得直径为7—22微米等轴细晶粒的α-Fe。在α-Fe中保留相当数量的三维和二维位错网络,并沉淀析出细小的NbC粒子。通过细化晶粒,NbC第二相粒子和位错亚结构的综合强化,合金下屈服强度可提高到35—38公斤/毫米~2。下屈服强度σ_(1y)与晶粒的平均直径d之间的关系符合Hall-Petch公式: σ_(1y)=σ_i+k_yd~(-(1/2)) 其中k_y=2.2公斤/毫米~(3/2);对于600℃等温30秒,40分及3小时者,σ_i分别为21.5,13.5及13.5公斤/毫米~2。理论计算结果表明,σ_i值是NbC第二相粒子弥散强化,位错亚结构强化和点阵阻力对屈服强度贡献σ_p,σ_d和σ_1的叠加,即 σ_i=σ_p+σ_d+σ_1 合金的位错密度随拉伸变形程度的增高而增加。平均位错密度ρ与对应的流变应力值σ_f的关系可表达成下式 σ_f=σ_0+αGbρ~(1/2) 其中α=0.37;σ_0是除位错交互作用外其他因素对流变应力的贡献,对于600℃等温30秒,40分和3小时者,σ_0分别为34,30及30公斤/毫米~2。 在α-Fe中沉淀析出的NbC粒子周围观察到“沉淀生长”位错圈,对其形成机理进行了分析,它们的强化作用尚需进一步探明。