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991.
Miguel A Rodriguez‐Perez Jorge I Gonzalez‐Peña Jose A de Saja 《Polymer International》2009,58(6):620-629
BACKGROUND: The physical properties of polymer foams depend on many factors: density, cellular structure, matrix polymer morphology, etc. Therefore, these properties can be adapted by appropriate control of the structure. However, this simple and attractive concept has some limitations because the cellular structure of foams cannot be fully controlled during manufacturing. Therefore, in order to make possible the control of properties, it is highly desirable to develop simple procedures, such as thermal treatments, to modify the cellular structure. In the work reported, low‐density polyethylene foams were thermally treated at temperatures below the melting temperature of the base polymer. The cellular structure, polymer base morphology and several thermal and mechanical properties were studied before and after the thermal treatments. RESULTS: It is shown that the anisotropy of the cellular structure is reduced by using adequate treatments. This modification of the structure influences physical properties that are sensitive to the cell shape, such as thermal expansion, elastic modulus and collapse stress. CONCLUSION: A simple procedure to allow further control of the structure and properties of polyethylene‐based foams has been presented. The use of adequate thermal treatments is able to modify the cellular structure and hence the physical properties of these materials. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
992.
Multi-objective Coverage-based ACO Model for Quality Monitoring in Large Water Networks 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
A numerical procedure is presented for the optimization of the position of water quality monitoring stations in a pressurized
water distribution system (WDS). The procedure is based on the choice of the set of sampling stations which maximizes the
monitored volume of water while keeping the number of stations at minimum. The optimization model is formulated in terms of
integer programming, and the solution of the mathematical problem is efficiently approximated by means of a multi-objective
multi-colony ant algorithm. A built-in routine is developed for calculation of the water fraction matrix and integrated into
the general modeling structure to facilitate data entry and storage to minimize problems associated with water fraction matrix
determination for varying scenarios and coverage criteria for any scenario. The proposed methodology is very robust in analyzing
the effects of different scenarios and/or number of potential monitoring stations by eliminating the need of employing an
off-line routine for coverage matrix identification. Robustness, ease of generalization, multi-objective nature, and computational
efficiency are the main characteristics and novelty of the proposed approach. Monitoring stations are optimally located in
a large-scale real-world network with 104 nodes and multiple demands using the proposed ACO models. The set of non-dominated
solutions forming the Pareto front for a number of monitoring stations and the total coverage of the system are also presented. 相似文献
993.
994.
Moises A. Carreon Vadim V. Guliants M. Olga Guerrero-Perez Miguel A. Bañares 《Catalysis communications》2009,10(4):416-420
Mesostructured Mo–V–Nb mixed oxide phases were prepared by reacting inorganic precursors in the presence of cationic, anionic and alkylamine surfactants. The occurrence of these mesostructured phases was explained in part by charge-matching considerations at the inorganic–organic interface. Other interactions, such as covalent bonding between the surfactant headgroup and metal atoms, could direct the self-assembly process. Despite of the limited thermal stability of the mesophases, the air-calcined phases were catalytically active and selective for propane ammoxidation to acrylonitrile and acetonitrile. The selectivities to acrylonitrile and acetonitrile were as high as 26 and 49 mol%, respectively, at 66% propane conversion. 相似文献
995.
María J. Martín de Vidales José Robles‐Molina Juan C. Domínguez‐Romero Pablo Cañizares Cristina Sáez Antonio Molina‐Díaz Manuel A. Rodrigo 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2012,87(10):1441-1449
BACKGROUND: Sulfamethoxazole (SMX, used as a model bacteriostatic antibiotic) is persistent to conventional biological treatments of wastewaters. In this work, conductive‐diamond electrochemical oxidation (CDEO) was found to be an effective technology for its removal from the effluents of conventional wastewater treatment plants. RESULTS: The use of CDEO has been evaluated for the removal of the antibiotic SMX from water and wastewaters. The results show that CDEO can reduce the concentration of this organic pollutant to values below 0.1 µg dm?3. The variation of the SMX concentration during electrolysis shows a complex shape with a plateau zone that increases in size with the initial concentration of SMX. This complex trend is not observed in the changes of TOC, which seems to indicate that the CDEO of SMX solutions does not lead directly to the generation of carbon dioxide as a final product. A tentative reaction pathway has been proposed based on a thorough analysis of the reaction mixture, in which the main intermediate products were identified. The use of liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐TOFMS) allowed the identification of nine organic intermediates (with Mw 98, 108, 172, 173, 197, 203, 227, 269 and 287) during the electrolysis and the concentration of these compounds depends on the initial SMX concentration and on the current density applied. CONCLUSIONS: CDEO is able to reduce the concentration of the organic pollutant below 0.1 mg dm?3. SMX removal is faster than that of TOC. This fact indicates the formation of reaction intermediates. Analytical techniques show that nine reaction intermediates are generated in the system, and that their concentration depends on the initial SMX concentration and on the current density used. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
996.
Aitor Mata M. Dolores Mu?oz Emilio Corchado Juan M. Corchado 《Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision》2012,42(2-3):212-224
A novel hybrid forecasting Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) system is presented in this interdisciplinary study in which an isotropic buffer operator is applied for case-based creation. Commonly used as an image analysis technique by commercial Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the buffer operator in this particular system calculates the area of an oil slick for prediction and visualization tasks. The use of the buffer operator improves the quality of the data used by the system and in consequence the quality of the results obtained. The system generates predictions by using historical data on oil-slick formation following a spill. 相似文献
997.
Reginaldo Almeida da Trindade Jorge Mancini‐Filho Anna Lúcia Casañas Haasis Villavicencio 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2009,111(11):1161-1168
The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of rosemary and oregano extracts in avoiding oxidative changes in beef burgers, and to evaluate the fatty acid profile of these products after electron beam exposition. Extracts, individually or in combination, were added to beef burgers and compared to synthetic antioxidants commonly used in food (butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole). The ground beef were submitted to electron beam irradiation at doses of 0, 3.5 and 7 kGy, and stored for 90 days. At regular time intervals, lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition were evaluated through measurement of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and gas chromatography, respectively. The results indicate that, although the irradiation process triggers an increase in the lipid oxidation ratio expressed by TBARS values, great changes in the fatty acid profiles were not observed; instead, they continued to present characteristics very similar to that of non‐irradiated beef. Thus, as irradiation doses of up to 7 kGy for frozen meat can make foods safe from foodborne pathogens, natural antioxidants derived from spices are able to reduce and avoid lipid changes that may cause a deterioration of the sensory quality of these foods, and these natural extracts offer a good choice for replacing synthetic additives. 相似文献
998.
R. Ruiz-Baños R. Bailón-Moreno E. Jiménez-Contreras J. -P. Courtial 《Scientometrics》1999,44(2):217-234
The fundamentals have been developed for a quantitative theory on the structure and dynamics of scientific networks. These
fundamentals were conceived through a new vision of translation, defined mathematically as the derivative or gradient of the
quality of the actors as a function of the coordinates for the space in which they perform. If we begin with the existence
of a translation barrier, or an obstacle that must be overcome by the actors in order to translate, and if we accept the Maxwell-Boltzmann
distribution as representative of the translating capacity of the actors, it becomes possible to demonstrate the known principle
of “success breeds success.” We also propose two types of elemental translation: those which are irreverisble and those which
are in equilibrium. In addition, we introduce the principle of composition, which enables, from elemental translations, the
quantification of more complex ones. 相似文献
999.
E Petrossian AJ Parry VM Reddy GP Akkersdijk DM McMullan L Thompson KD Hendricks-Munoz H Hallak FL Hanley JR Fineman 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1999,117(2):314-323
BACKGROUND: Children with increased pulmonary blood flow may experience morbidity as the result of increased pulmonary vascular resistance after operations in which cardiopulmonary bypass is used. Plasma levels of endothelin-1, a potent vasoactive substance implicated in pulmonary hypertension, are increased after cardiopulmonary bypass. OBJECTIVES: In a lamb model of increased pulmonary blood flow after in utero placement of an aortopulmonary shunt, we characterized the changes in pulmonary vascular resistance induced by hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and investigated the role of endothelin-1 and endothelin-A receptor activation in postbypass pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: In eleven 1-month-old lambs, the shunt was closed, and vascular pressures and blood flows were monitored. An infusion of a selective endothelin-A receptor blocker (PD 156707; 1.0 mg/kg/h) or drug vehicle (saline solution) was then begun 30 minutes before cardiopulmonary bypass and continued for 4 hours after bypass. The hemodynamic variables were monitored, and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations were determined before, during, and for 6 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: After 90 minutes of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, both pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly in saline-treated lambs during the 6-hour study period (P <.05). In lambs pretreated with PD 156707, pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased (P <. 05). After bypass, plasma endothelin-1 concentrations increased in all lambs; there was a positive correlation between postbypass pulmonary vascular resistance and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that endothelin-A receptor-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction mediates, in part, the rise in pulmonary vascular resistance after cardiopulmonary bypass. Endothelin-A receptor antagonists may decrease morbidity in children at risk for postbypass pulmonary hypertension. This potential therapy warrants further investigation. 相似文献
1000.
D. Rossi M. Omaña J. M. Cazeaux C. Metra T. M. Mak 《Journal of Electronic Testing》2014,30(1):111-123
In this paper, we show that clock faults producing duty-cycle variations, which have been proven very likely, can give rise to min or max delay violations. This mandates new, specific testing approaches for clock faults, to avoid them to compromise the system correct operation in the field, with dramatic effects on product quality and defect level. We then introduce a new scheme that can be employed to detect the clock faults causing duty-cycle variations. 相似文献