Transient ischemic attacks not produced by extracranial vascular disease: a plea for complete and early angiographic investigation

Six patients with classical transient ischemic attacks that were not directly related to extracranial carotid disease are presented. These cases were selected to include a variety of pathologic conditions: one case each of brain tumor, arteriovenous malformation, chronic subdural hematoma, cervical spondylosis, and two cases of giant intracranial aneurysms. These case histories are significant because they illustrate that without complete angiographic investigation, tragic results could have and did occur in some cases. Transient ischemic attacks should be considered as a symptom of various possible pathologic conditions, and a careful search for the cause must be pursued aggressively.     

The application of alumino silicate alkali ion sources to the study of ion desorption of surface gas

Investigations are described which illustrate the compatibility of alumino silicate alkali ion sources with an UHV (～10^?11 torr) vacuum environment. The application of the sources to the determination of ion desorption efficiency of surface gas is demonstrated, as well as their use as a basis for a technique of ion stimulated surface gas analysis.     

Translocation of Escherichia coli from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice receiving Escherichia coli vaccines before colonization

Germfree mice were immunized orally or intraperitoneally for 6 weeks with heat-killed vaccines of indigenous Escherichia coli or nonindigenous E. coli O 127: B8 before colonization with these strains. The mice exhibited increases in specific serum antibodies and intestinal immunoglobulin A reacting with the E coli antigens. Prior immunization did not reduce the gastrointestinal population levels of the E. coli strains attained 3 and 7 days after colonization. Neither oral nor intraperitoneal immunization with the E. coli strains before colonization decreased the incidence of bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes or reduced the number of viable E. coli cells per mesenteric lymph node. There also was no relation in individual mice between serum antibody titers and the numbers of viable E. coli cells translocating to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, prior vaccination with E. coli in this study did not decrease the incidence or reduce the numbers of viable E. coli translocating to the mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli.     

Placental proteins and steroid hormones in the soluble fraction of human syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane

Placental protein 5 (PP5), pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (SP1), pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (SP3) and chorionic gonadotrophin could not be demonstrated in appreciable molar quantities in the soluble fraction from microvillous plasma membrane preparations isolated from the syncytiotrophoblast of full-term human placentae. However, progesterone, total oestriol and placental lactogen may have some association with this membrane.     

Bile acids: co-mutagenic activity in the Salmonella-mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test: brief communication

Of 30 bile acids tested, none was mutagenic in the Salmonella-mammalian-microsome test with indicator strains G46, TA1530, TA1535, TA1536, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, or TA100. However, when lithocholic acid or one of its conjugates was tested with suboptimal amounts of 2-aminoanthracene and phenobarbital-stimulated rat liver homogenate, enhancement and co-mutagenesis were observed if TA1538 was the indicator strain.     

The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentences

The paramyxovirus fusion (F) protein mediates membrane fusion. The biologically active F protein consists of a membrane distal subunit, F2, and a membrane-anchored subunit, F1. We have identified a highly stable structure composed of peptides derived from the F1 heptad repeat A, which abuts the hydrophobic fusion peptide (peptide N-1), and the F1 heptad repeat B, located 270 residues downstream and adjacent to the transmembrane domain (peptides C-1 and C-2). In isolation, peptide N-1 is 47% alpha-helical and peptide C-1 and C-2 are unfolded. When mixed together, peptides N1 + C1 form a thermostable (Tm >90 degreesC), 82% alpha-helical, discrete trimer of heterodimers (mass 31,300 Mr) that is resistant to denaturation by 2% SDS at 40 degreesC. We suggest that this alpha-helical trimeric complex represents the core most stable form of the F protein that either is fusion competent or forms after fusion has occurred. Peptide C-1 is a potent inhibitor of both the lipid mixing and the aqueous content mixing fusion activity of the SV5 F protein. In contrast, peptides N-1 and N-2 inhibit cytoplasmic content mixing but not lipid mixing, leading to a stable hemifusion state. Thus, these peptides define functionally different steps in the fusion process. The parallels among both the fusion processes and the protein structures of paramyxovirus F proteins, HIV gp41, and influenza virus hemagglutinin are discussed, as the analogies are indicative of a conserved paradigm for fusion promotion among fusion proteins from widely disparate viruses.     

125I-Tyr1]biphalin binding to opioid receptors of rat brain and NG108-15 cell membranes

Mono iodinated analogues of biphalin [(Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-)2], both nonradioactive [I-Tyr1]biphalin and radioactive [125I-Tyr1]biphalin have been synthesized. The radioligand binding profiles of these compounds for two types of tissues, rat brain membranes, and NG108-15 cell membranes were identical to the parent biphalin. This is additional evidence for the hypothesis that biphalin behaves like a monomeric ligand and that only one intact tyrosine is necessary for high biological activity. The second tyrosine could be used for successful radioiodination which may greatly simplify biochemical and pharmacological studies of biphalin. The results of receptor binding studies show that the binding of both biphalin and [I-Tyr1]biphalin to the delta and mu opioid receptors are not independent. [125I-Tyr1]Biphalin binds to delta receptors as shown in NG108-15 cell membranes. Nevertheless, [125I]biphalin binding to delta receptors in rat brain membranes was hardly evident and mu receptor binding predominated or at least was much more readily detectable in this preparation.     

Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups: II. Features predictive of disease activity early in its course. LUMINA Study Group. Lupus in minority populations, nature versus nurture

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with disease activity in patients with recent-onset (< or =5 years) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were of Hispanic, African-American, or Caucasian ethnicity. METHODS: Incident and prevalent cases of SLE, as defined by the American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE, among the 3 ethnic groups were identified in Alabama (The University of Alabama at Birmingham) and Texas (The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center and The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston). Variables from the sociodemographic, clinical, immunologic, immunogenetic, behavioral, and psychological domains were obtained using validated instruments. Disease activity was ascertained with the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM). Stepwise domain regressions with SLAM score as the dependent variable were performed. Final ethnic-specific and overall regression models were obtained by entering variables that were retained in the domain regressions. RESULTS: SLAM scores at study entry were higher in the African Americans (mean +/- SD 12.6 +/- 6.9) and Hispanics (11.0 +/- 6.2) than in the Caucasians (8.5 +/- 3.7) (P < or = 0.001). The final overall regression model (R2 = 28%) for higher SLAM score included the following variables: African-American ethnicity, lack of private health insurance, abrupt disease onset, presence of anti-Ro antibodies, absence of HLA-DRB1*0301, higher levels of helplessness, and abnormal illness-related behaviors. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic, immunologic, immunogenetic, behavioral, and psychological variables were all predictive of disease activity early in the course of SLE, irrespective of ethnic group. However, there remain ethnic group differences in disease activity that were not explained by these factors.