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排序方式: 共有1415条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Arkady Zgonnikov Ihor Lubashevsky Shigeru Kanemoto Toru Miyazawa Takashi Suzuki 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2014,11(99)
Understanding how humans control unstable systems is central to many research problems, with applications ranging from quiet standing to aircraft landing. Increasingly, much evidence appears in favour of event-driven control hypothesis: human operators only start actively controlling the system when the discrepancy between the current and desired system states becomes large enough. The event-driven models based on the concept of threshold can explain many features of the experimentally observed dynamics. However, much still remains unclear about the dynamics of human-controlled systems, which likely indicates that humans use more intricate control mechanisms. This paper argues that control activation in humans may be not threshold-driven, but instead intrinsically stochastic, noise-driven. Specifically, we suggest that control activation stems from stochastic interplay between the operator''s need to keep the controlled system near the goal state, on the one hand, and the tendency to postpone interrupting the system dynamics, on the other hand. We propose a model capturing this interplay and show that it matches the experimental data on human balancing of virtual overdamped stick. Our results illuminate that the noise-driven activation mechanism plays a crucial role at least in the considered task, and, hypothetically, in a broad range of human-controlled processes. 相似文献
32.
33.
Ryuta Shigefuku Hideaki Takahashi Hiroyasu Nakano Tsunamasa Watanabe Kotaro Matsunaga Nobuyuki Matsumoto Masaki Kato Ryo Morita Yousuke Michikawa Tomohiro Tamura Tetsuya Hiraishi Nobuhiro Hattori Yohei Noguchi Kazunari Nakahara Hiroki Ikeda Toshiya Ishii Chiaki Okuse Shigeru Sase Fumio Itoh Michihiro Suzuki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(9)
The progression of chronic liver disease differs by etiology. The aim of this study was to elucidate the difference in disease progression between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by means of fibrosis markers, liver function, and hepatic tissue blood flow (TBF). Xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) was performed in 139 patients with NAFLD and 152 patients with CHC (including liver cirrhosis (LC)). The cutoff values for fibrosis markers were compared between NAFLD and CHC, and correlations between hepatic TBF and liver function tests were examined at each fibrosis stage. The cutoff values for detection of the advanced fibrosis stage were lower in NAFLD than in CHC. Although portal venous TBF (PVTBF) correlated with liver function tests, PVTBF in initial LC caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH-LC) was significantly lower than that in hepatitis C virus (C-LC) (p = 0.014). Conversely, the liver function tests in NASH-LC were higher than those in C-LC (p < 0.05). It is important to recognize the difference between NAFLD and CHC. We concluded that changes in hepatic blood flow occurred during the earliest stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD; therefore, patients with NAFLD need to be followed carefully. 相似文献
34.
Inside Cover: Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Surugamide A Encompasses an Unrelated Decapeptide,Surugamide F (ChemBioChem 18/2016)
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35.
Rejina Shrestha Naoko Murata-Kamiya Satoshi Imai Masami Yamamoto Tetsuya Tsukamoto Sachiyo Nomura Masanori Hatakeyama 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
The initial step in bacterial infection is adherence of the bacterium to the target cell surface. Helicobacter pylori exploits the interaction of bacterial adhesin protein HopQ with human epithelial CEACAMs (CEACAM1, 5, and 6) to stably adhere to gastric epithelial cells, which is necessary for delivery of the H. pylori CagA oncoprotein into the epithelial cells via a type IV secretion system. In contrast to human CEACAMs, however, HopQ does not interact with Ceacam1 (mouse CEACAM1) in vitro or in CHO cells ectopically expressing Ceacam1. Since the mouse genome lacks Ceacam5 and Ceacam6, no significant HopQ–Ceacam interaction may occur in mouse gastric epithelial cells. Here, we found that the mouse stomach has a much lower expression level of Ceacam1 than the expression level of CEACAM1 in the human stomach. Consistently, mouse gastric epithelial cells resist CagA delivery by cagA-positive H. pylori, and the delivery is restored by ectopic expression of human CEACAM1 or CEACAM5 in mouse gastric epithelial cells. Thus, despite the fact that mice are routinely used for H. pylori infection studies, a low expression level of Ceacam1 in the mouse stomach together with the loss or greatly reduced interaction of HopQ with Ceacams make the mouse an inappropriate model for studying the role of H. pylori-delivered CagA in gastric pathogenesis, including the development of gastric cancer. 相似文献
36.
Makoto Tanaka Mikio Taguchi Tsuysohi Takahama Toru Sawada Shigeru Kuroda Takao Matsuyama Shinya Tsuda Akio Takeoka Shoichi Nakano Hiroshi Hanafusa Yukinori Kuwano 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》1993,1(2):85-92
A new solar cell structure named HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer) has been developed based on new artificially constructed junction (ACJ) technology. In this structure a non-doped a-Si thin layer was inserted between the p(a-Si)/n(c-Si) heterojunction, improving the output characteristics and achieving a conversion efficiency of 18.1%. This structure was applied to cast polycrystalline silicon solar cells of a practical size. A high conversion efficeincy of 13.6% was obtained with a cell size of 10 cm × 10 cm using various technologies, including hydrogen plasma passivation. 相似文献
37.
Masaharu Kamei Sumiko Ohgaki Tamotsu Kanbe Isao Niiya Haruo Mizutani Isao Matsui-Yuasa Shuzo Otani Shigeru Morita 《Lipids》1995,30(6):533-539
We investigated the relationship between dietary highly hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO) and cholesterol transport in rats.
In the first study, to examine the effects of cholesterol transport of different concentrations of HSO in dietary oil, rats
were given one of the three diets containing 0, 25, or 50% HSO in dietary oil with cholesterol (5 g/kg diet) or a diet without
HSO and cholesterol for 22 d. Feeding the high concentration of HSO prevented the increase in plasma total cholesterol, hepatic
total lipids, and cholesterol and the decrease in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, which were caused by dietary cholesterol.
Moreover, HSO increased the fecal excretion, fecal lipids, and steroids in a dose-dependent manner. In the second study, to
examine the effects on cholesterol transport of redistribution of stearic acid in the triacylglycerol species contained in
HSO, rats were given one of the six diets containing HSO (distearoylmonoacylglycerol and tristearoylglycerol)-rich, monostearoylglycerol-rich,
or palmitic acid-rich oil with/without cholesterol (5 g/kg diet), for 30 d. Whereas the accumulation of cholesterol in the
body was reduced, cholesterol excretion was enhanced effectively in rats given the HSO-rich diet compared with rats given
the monostearoylglycerol-rich diet. These results suggested that not only the high concentration of stearic acid but also
its uneven distribution in HSO-triacylglycerol contributed to the reduction in intestinal cholesterol absorption in rats. 相似文献
38.
Young-joon Kim Koji Miyazaki Hiroshi Tsukamoto 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2008,22(10):1930-1936
An inverse transient method with genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to leak detection in pipeline. Transient flow caused by
valve operation was calculated using the characteristics method. The location and discharge of leak were determined so that
the difference of the calculated pressure may be minimized from the reference pressure calculated under a given leak condition.
Calculations were done for the leak at one and two locations in pipeline. Furthermore, the effect of noise in pressure data
was discussed, and the leak locations and leak discharges can be predicted precisely even in the case of noisy data.
This paper was presented at the 9th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM9), Jeju Korea, October 16–19, 2007. 相似文献
39.
Shigeru Yamada Yasuyoshi Kurokawa Shinsuke Miyajima Makoto Konagai 《Nanoscale research letters》2014,9(1):72
We investigate the effects of hydrogen plasma treatment (HPT) on the properties of silicon quantum dot superlattice films. Hydrogen introduced in the films efficiently passivates silicon and carbon dangling bonds at a treatment temperature of approximately 400°C. The total dangling bond density decreases from 1.1 × 1019 cm-3 to 3.7 × 1017 cm-3, which is comparable to the defect density of typical hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films. A damaged layer is found to form on the surface by HPT; this layer can be easily removed by reactive ion etching. 相似文献
40.
Okuda T Kato J Mori J Tenmoku M Suda Y Tanaka S He K Ma Y Yang F Yu X Duan F Lei Y 《The Science of the total environment》2004,330(1-3):145-158
This paper describes the daily concentrations of trace metals and ionic constituents in the aerosol of Beijing, China from March 2001 to August 2003. Daily PM10 concentrations were also measured from September 2001 to August 2003. The daily average PM10 concentration at Beijing, China from September 2001 to August 2003 was 171+/-117 microg m(-3) (n = 673), which is 5-fold higher than at Yokohama, Japan. Trace metal concentrations were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry equipped with a laser ablation sample introduction (LA/ICP-MS), which is a rapid and simultaneous method for multi-element analysis. The daily average metal concentrations in TSP in Beijing from March 2001 to August 2003 were: Al: 3.5+/-2.4 (n = 727), Ti: 0.47+/-0.35 (n = 720), V: 0.013+/-0.010 (n = 716), Cr: 0.019+/-0.015 (n = 618), Mn: 0.24+/-0.16 (n = 730), Fe: 5.5+/-3.9 (n = 728), Co: 0.0046+/-0.0055 (n = 629), Ni: 0.022+/-0.024 (n = 680), Cu: 0.11+/-0.11 (n = 660), Zn: 0.77+/-0.60 (n = 726), As: 0.048+/-0.047 (n = 731), Se: 0.010+/-0.010 (n = 550), Cd: 0.0068+/-0.0082 (n = 709), Sb: 0.033+/-0.036 (n = 687), and Pb: 0.43+/-0.50 (n = 728) (unit, microg m(-3)). All the metal concentrations in TSP in Beijing, China were 1.7-21.8 times higher than those in TSP in the center of Tokyo, Japan. Notably, As concentrations in TSP in Beijing were 20-fold higher than those in Tokyo. Source identification of aerosols in Beijing was carried out by using the chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model, with the daily concentration of metals in the aerosol. The major primary sources of the aerosol of Beijing were considered to be soil dust and coal combustion. Vehicle exhaust contribution tended to increase. 相似文献