挤压模具型腔轮廊曲线优化拟合分析

采用三次样条函数插值和Bezier曲线拟合两种方法来完成挤压模具型腔轮廓形状的优化设计 ,以挤压表面载荷沿凹模型腔轮廓表面均匀分布来提高模具寿命为优化目标 ,运用刚塑性有限元分析和修正的序列二次规划算法相结合的方法 ,获得了各自优化了的凹模型腔轮廓曲线。通过有限元软件验证了优化结果的有效性和可行性。将这些方法应用于气门及其他类似零件的生产 ,证明了优化的凹模型腔轮廓曲线对提高模具使用寿命有显著效果     

Infrared heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V with electroplated Cu

The objective of this study is to investigate an innovative infrared (IR) technique to enhance adhesion of electroplated copper (Cu) on Ti-6Al-4V without dichromate dipping. The ultimate goal is to develop a Cu coating process on Ti-6Al-4V without hazardous hexavalent chromium (Cr) solution treatments. Cu coatings of around 50 μm were electroplated on Ti-6Al-4V specimens at a current density of 0.03 A/cm² in an acidic Cu solution. To improve adhesion of coatings, IR heat treatments were performed on the Cu-coated samples at different temperatures and durations: 860 °C for 600 s and 875 °C for 20–120 s. This process was accomplished in an attempt to replace the use of dichromate dipping before electroplating. For samples heat treated at 860 °C, no bonding existed, even after 600 s. It is believed that solid-state diffusion prevailed at 860 °C and that 600 s was not enough for sufficient diffusion to occur. Adhesion was poor when samples were heat treated at 875 °C for 20 s. Excellent adhesion was observed when the heat treatment holding time was increased to 40 s. For 90 s, the surface appearance of coatings partially changed from Cu-colored to a grayish color. There was no Cu left on the surface after a 120 s heat treatment. From optical microscopic observations on sample cross sections, an interlayer between the Cu and Ti-6Al-4V formed when heat treated at 875 °C for 40 s and longer. The interlayer thickness increased as the holding time increased, until depletion of Cu. The sheet resistivity of coated specimens was on the order of pure Cu for samples heat treated at 875 °C and less than 90 s. During the 875 °C heat treatment, the following occurred: solid-state diffusion of Cu in Ti-6Al-4V, formation of eutectic solutions, dissolution of Cu and Ti-6Al-4V into the liquid phase, and the formation of intermetallic compounds. The lowest eutectic temperature of 875 °C played a key role in this innovative process of Cu coating on Ti-6Al-4V. This paper was presented at the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress sponsored by ASM International, on September 15–17, 2003, in Indianapolis, Indiana and appears on pp. 403–10 of the Proceedings.     

超精密加工伺服系统滑模控制技术研究

为实现超精密加工伺服系统高精度跟踪控制，建立了交流水磁同步电机伺服系统模型，研究了带扰动观测器补偿的滑模变结构控制方法，仿真结果表明，该控制策略有效地抑制了负载扰动引起的抖振，对参数波动也有较强的适应能力，可以有效地提高系统的跟踪特性。     

Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Cr1−xAlxN films deposited by pulsed-closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (P-CFUBMS)

Nanocrystallized Cr_1−xAl_xN films with various Al contents (0 to 68 at.%) were deposited by pulsed closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (P-CFUBMS). The effects of aluminum content on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of the Cr_1−xAl_xN films have been investigated. It was found that the hardness and elastic modulus of Cr_1−xAl_xN films increased with increasing Al contents in the films and reached the highest value of 36 GPa and 370 GPa, respectively, at an Al content of 58.5 at.%. Addition of Al beyond 64.0 at.% resulted in a change in crystal structure from B1 cubic to B4 hexagonal phase. The wear resistance improved gradually with the increase of Al in the Cr_1−xAl_xN films. A combination of the abrasive and adhesive wear mechanism was proposed based on the SEM and EDS analysis of the wear track. The steady state dry coefficient of friction measured against a WC ball for the Cr_1−xAl_xN films were in the range of 0.36-0.55, and the wear rate was in the 10^− 6 mm³ N^− 1 m^− 1 range.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRIMARY MORPHOLOGY AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CARBIDES GROWING IN SUPERALLOYS

The SEM analysis of decply etched specimens of Ni-base superalloys K38 and K19H+Ta in-dicates that both the primary morphologies under normal growth conditions and the finalmorphologies near equilibrium of MC carbides are octahedral blocks.The classification ofMC crystal faces by means of PBC(Periodic Bond Chains)theory confirms that{100},{110}and{111}are F faces,and that{212}are S faces.The calculations of the attachmentenergy for each F face show that{111}are most easily appeared.It has also been inferred thatone of the MC growth units is a coordination octahedron composed of one metal atom sur-rounded by six carbon atoms.The octahedral growth units can be attached to the growth sur-faces of MC carbides through laver stacking mechanism on the{111}faces.     

基于Web的车身覆盖件模具标准件库系统的研究

通过对车身覆盖件模具标准件和典型结构件的总结与归纳．使用Microsoft．NET平台建立了基于Web的车身覆盖件模具三维参数化标准库。系统主要包括标准件参数数据库、标准件特征信息库、标准件模型库，此外为方便设计人员选型，还提供了标准件计算、分析与决策模块。     

台州废旧金属市场调查札记

2006年11月16日至24日,笔者受浙江省再生资源有限公司总经理室指派,带领四名员工赴台州对废旧金属市场进行调查. 台州是我国进口废金属拆解基地之一.目前建有约1 900亩标准化再生资源加工园区.园区内建有标准厂房28万平方米,总投资达10.5亿元,同时建有拆解工场50多个,相关市场7个,直接从业人员6万多人.     

合金元素对Zr基大块非晶晶化行为的影响

利用准晶的共轭结构模型构造出了Zr基非晶合金中准晶相的原子结构模型,用递归方法研究了合金元素对非晶晶化过程的影响.结果表明:Zr基非晶合金析出的准晶相存在Zr6Ni,Ni6Zr2种结构,Ni6Zr结构优先析出;合金元素Ag,Pd,Pt,Au固溶于准晶中时,占据Cu,Ni原子的位置,增大近邻原子间的相互作用,这从电子理论角度解释了合金元素Ag,Pd,Pt,Au稳定地促进二十面体准晶(I)相析出的事实.     

SHS-离心熔覆W-C-Fe金属陶瓷涂层的组织与耐磨性研究

以Fe2O3,WO3,Al,C为反应原料,采用SHS-离心法制备W-C-Fe内衬复合钢管。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了涂层的组织,用显微硬度仪测量内衬层硬度,并通过磨粒磨损试验测量了该涂层的耐磨性。结果表明,涂层组织包括主相Fe3W3C及少量的WC,W2C,Fe3C,Fe。涂层组织呈梯度分布,靠近基体处晶粒细小,远离基体处晶粒呈粗大树枝状。涂层硬度为13.5±1.6GPa。涂层的主要磨损机制为显微切削。涂层的相对耐磨性是淬火45#钢的16倍以上。     

美国高等教育融资方式的特点及启示

美国高等教育经费主要来源于政府、学费、捐赠收入、销售和服务收入以及争取的研究及合同经费。在对美国诸种融资渠道特点进行分析的基础上，借鉴美国融资模式并根据我国国情，提出了切合我国实际的高等教育融资方式，以期对我国高等教育投资体制的改革以启示。