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961.
962.
963.
Compared to other fields of engineering, in mechanical engineering, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is not yet a well known
method. Nevertheless, there is a variety of simulation problems where the method has obvious advantages due to its meshless
nature. For problems where several free bodies can collide and break after having been largely deformed, the DEM is the method
of choice. Neighborhood search and collision detection between bodies as well as the separation of large solids into smaller
particles are naturally incorporated in the method. The main DEM algorithm consists of a relatively simple loop that basically
contains the three substeps contact detection, force computation and integration. However, there exists a large variety of
different algorithms to choose the substeps to compose the optimal method for a given problem. In this contribution, we describe
the dynamics of particle systems together with appropriate numerical integration schemes and give an overview over different
types of particle interactions that can be composed to adapt the method to fit to a given simulation problem. Surface triangulations
are used to model complicated, non-convex bodies in contact with particle systems. The capabilities of the method are finally
demonstrated by means of application examples.
Commemorative Contribution. 相似文献
964.
965.
In this report, we describe the nature of intermediate order in silicon as determined by recent measurements on thin films using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman scattering. The TEM images show in addition to the expected continuous random network (CRN), the presence of highly ordered quasi-one-dimensional “chain-like objects” (CLO's) that are 1–2 nm wide and tens of nm long that meander and show some evidence of cross-linking with each other. The presence of these objects correlate to a Raman feature centered at 490 cm−1 whose width is 35–40 cm−1, and is used to quantify the heterogeneity in terms of the CLO and CRN (=475 cm−1 scattering) concentrations. The 490 and 35 cm−1 values are consistent with bond angle deviations approaching 0°, and thus reinforces an association with the CLOs. We find that in reference quality a-Si:H (made using pure SiH4), the CLO concentration is about 5 vol%, while in state-of-the-art material using high H2 levels of dilution during processing, it increases to about 15%. Increased stability of such material to light-soaking is thus not mediated by a direct volumetric replacement of poor with high-quality components. Rather, an important characteristic of intermediate order in silicon is the low-dimensional aspect of its order, which allows it to influence more total volume than which it is itself composed. Consistent with these and other recent findings, we propose a tensegrity model of amorphous silicon. 相似文献
966.
967.
968.
E. M. Gavrishchuk E. Yu. Vilkova O. V. Timofeev U. P. Borovskikh E. L. Tikhonova 《Inorganic Materials》2007,43(6):579-583
Chemical interaction between polished surfaces of polycrystalline zinc selenide and inorganic acid solutions of various concentrations has been studied. 相似文献
969.
V. V. Ustinov A. B. Rinkevich L. N. Romashev E. A. Kuznetsov 《Technical Physics Letters》2007,33(9):771-774
The reflection of electromagnetic waves in the millimeter wave band from Fe/Cr nanostructures has been studied. It is established that the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in the nanostructure leads to an increase in the reflection and a decrease in the transmission of microwaves, while the magnetic resonance leads to a decrease in both the reflection and transmission coefficients. 相似文献
970.
I. V. Oryshich N. E. Poryadchenko N. P. Brodnikovskii 《Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics》2004,43(9-10):497-503
We have studied the oxidation resistance of chromium intermetallics: TiCr2, HfCr2, and ZrCr2, in the temperature interval 873–1473 K with isothermal holding of the specimens for up to 20 h. We have shown that the intermetallics TiCr2 and HfCr2 are oxidized 2–3 times more slowly than pure titanium and hafnium, but more than 1–2 orders of magnitude faster than chromium at T≤1273 K and 4–6 times faster at 1473 K. In this temperature interval, the intermetallic ZrCr2 is rapidly oxidized at an increasing rate as the heating temperature rises. The scaling resistance of intermetallics of Group IV d metals with chromium is determined by formation of scales in which the major role is played by the oxides TiO2, HfO2, and ZrO2, with weak protective properties. 相似文献