Equilibrium distribution of water in the two-phase system supercritical carbon dioxide–textile

When natural fibres are dyed in supercritical carbon dioxide, the addition of a small amount of water increases coloration. For a process design it is important to know how much water has to be added to obtain a desired humidity of both textile and carbon dioxide. In this work a thermodynamic model is proposed to calculate the distribution of water over the textile phase and the supercritical phase as a function of pressure and temperature. The phase equilibrium is described with Raoult's law for non-ideal fluids. The absorbed water in the textile is a condensed phase and is modelled here as a non-ideal liquid, using the NRTL-equation. The non-ideality of the supercritical phase is described by a solubility enhancement factor, a new equation derived from statistical thermodynamics. Although the model is applied to cotton, viscose, silk and wool, it can be used for all water absorbing textiles.     

Adapting a mathematical model of the end of the blow of a converter heat to existing conditions in the oxygen-converter shop at the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine

The authors have constructed a deterministic dynamic model that makes it possible to predict the carbon content and temperature of steel at the end of the blow in oxygen converter steelmaking. Instrument measurements of different parameters of the heat are used to calculate the deviations of the parameters’ prescribed values from their actual values. Calculations are performed to determine the corrective additions that need to be made to a heat to synchronize the decarbonization and heating of the bath.     

A system for quality control of mineral-processing products

In this paper, consideration is given to a quality control system for mineral-processing products that provides a concentrate of optimal quality in a required quantity with minimum acceptable losses of the useful component. Operation of a new type of a specialized teslameter adapted to the conditions of an ore-mining enterprise is considered. Teslameters in an operable state are used in the quality control system for mineral-processing products of dry and liquid magnetic separation at the processing mill of OAO Vanadii and dozens of other enterprises in Russia.     

Structure and internal-stress formation in VT20 titanium-alloy welded joints

Microstructure, texture, and microhardness and residual-stress distributions are studied in a VT20 alloy welded shell consisting of two coaxial nested components connected by a circular weld.