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31.
Electro-osmosis is an established method of dewatering fine soils, sediments, and sludge (SSS). The efficiency of electro-osmotic treatment is controlled by the electrical resistance of the system. Due to an increase in SSS resistance during treatment, its cost efficiency is reduced, limiting the widespread use of this technique. The aim of this paper is to discuss the main reasons for the increase in SSS resistance during treatment and then to analyze the most recent and widely spread modifications to classical electro-osmotic treatment that attempt to combat these issues and improve the efficiency of the technique. These modifications to electro-osmotic treatment are polarity reversal, an intermittent current, the injection of chemical solutions at the electrodes, and the use of geo-synthetics. The paper discusses the relevant research on the above adaptations, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are evaluated and compared using the available laboratory and field tests in the literature on electro-osmotic dewatering research. All four methods of modification are shown to provide significant improvements and can be successfully translated to the field for greater use. However, the improvements they bring about may not be sufficient to warrant their general use in geotechnical applications. 相似文献
32.
Synthesis of modified catalyst and stabilization of CuO/NH4‐ZSM‐5 for conversion of methanol to gasoline
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Ehsan Kianfar Mahmoud Salimi Vahid Pirouzfar Behnam Koohestani 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2018,15(3):734-741
In this article, the catalytic conversion of methanol to gasoline range hydrocarbons has been studied over CuO/ NH4‐ZSM‐5(3,5,7,9%) catalysts prepared via sono‐chemistry methods. In order to improve, copper oxide can be used as a booster on NH4‐ZSM‐5 this catalyst property. Accordingly, the conversion process of Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) was conducted under a pressure of 1 atm and temperature of 400°C by a fixed‐bed reactor on copper oxide catalysts which were prepared based on synthetic NH4‐ZSM‐5. The synthetic catalyst was investigated by such analyses as BET, XRD, FT‐IR, and SEM. Formation of copper oxide phase and proper distribution of copper oxide were proven on the basic level of using XRD analysis. BET analysis showed the reduction in catalyst level and SEM images depicted the proper distribution of particles. The present investigation is to study the effect of CuO loading on NH4‐ZSM‐5 support for conversion of methanol to gasoline range hydrocarbons. A series of CuO/ NH4‐ZSM‐5 catalysts were prepared, characterized, and experimented for their performance on methanol conversion and hydrocarbon yield. 相似文献
33.
The novel conductive nanocomposite has been successfully prepared by emulsion polymerization. First, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized via coprecipitation reaction. Then, poly (indole-co-thiophene)@Fe3O4 nanocomposite was prepared via emulsion copolymerization of indole and thiophene monomers using sodium dodecyl sulfate as an emulsifier and ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthesized copolymer, Poly (In-co-T), and its magnetic nanocomposite were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetric, UV-vis spectrophotometer, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Also, the electrical conductivity of copolymer and nanocomposite were determined by four-probe instrument. Results showed a synergic effect in thermal stability by good interaction between polymer chain and magnetic nanoparticles. The conductivity of the nanocomposite was higher than bare copolymer, and increase of nanoparticles content caused an increment in the conductivity of the nanocomposites. The applicable properties of proposed conductive nanocomposite as a base at electrochemical biosensing have been investigated. 相似文献
34.
从1994年北岭地震中可看到,栓焊节点的抗震性能较差。因此,常用于工业建筑和高层建筑中的抗弯框架多采用端板连接和T型螺栓连接。采用有限元方法,通过改变螺栓的纵横布置对比了14个试件的滞回性能。结果表明:假定两者总的耗能能力相同,则T型螺栓连接的抗弯能力和初始转动刚度均比基于AISC规范设计的端板螺栓连接高。在往复荷载作用下,螺栓布置的改变对T型螺栓连接破坏模式的影响要大于端板连接,端板连接更适用于具有初始几何缺陷的结构。 相似文献
35.
Vahid Heydari Fami Tafreshi Ebrahim Ghazisaeedi Haitham Cruickshank Zhili Sun 《中兴通讯技术(英文版)》2014,(2):41-49
Network securityprotocolssuch as IPsechave been used for many years to ensure robust end-to-end communication and are impor-tant in the context of SDN.Despite the widespread installation of IPsec to date,per-packet protection offered by the protocol isnot very compatible with OpenFlow and flow-like behavior.OpenFlow architecture cannot aggregate IPsec-ESP flows in transportmode or tunnel mode because layer-3 information is encrypted and therefore unreadable.In this paper,we propose using the Secu-rity Parameter Index(SPI)of IPsec within the OpenFlow architecture to identify and direct IPsec flows.Thisenables IPsec to con-form to the packet-based behavior of OpenFlow architecture.In addition,by distinguishing between IPsec flows,the architectureis particularly suited to secure group communication. 相似文献
36.
Sajad Shakerin Vahid Maleki Seyyed Alireza Ziaei Mohammad Reza Rahimipour Seyyed Ehsan Mirsalehi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2017,56(3):360-367
Diffusion joining of commercially pure titanium was successfully prepared via transient liquid phase bonding in vacuum environment. The process was carried out using AMS 4772 silver-based filler alloy at 900–1000°C for various holding time under the vacuum of 6?×?10?7?Torr. Optical and scanning electron microscopy equipped with an EDS analyzer was conducted for microstructural evaluations. Mechanical properties were also investigated by shear test, fractographic assessment and X-ray diffraction analyses. The tendency to achieve isothermally solidified joint increased by increasing bonding time. No sign of athermal solidification was detected of sample bonded at 1000°C for 90?min. Consequently, the bonding condition of a high quality joint was obtained. Elemental analyses revealed that filler alloy’s elements (Ag, Cu) distributed more uniformly in fully isothermal solidified bond, whereas the aggregation of these elements is considerable in athermally solidified bond. Shear test results represented that the highest shear strength attributed to the sample bonded in isothermal solidified condition (bonded at 1000°C for 90?min). 相似文献
37.
Vahid Babaei Seyed Hossein Amirshahi Farnaz Agahian 《Color research and application》2011,36(4):295-305
Most of spectral estimation methods are based on improving the learning‐based procedures which mainly modify the training sets used by the basic methods. In this article, a new method is developed for analyzing of superiority of these modified processes to the basic methods in terms of normality of datasets. Hence, two qualitative terms, named generality and similarity are introduced to interpret the recovery achievements of different databases and their roles as training and testing sets. Also, a simple technique based on dataset modification of pseudo‐inverse method is introduced for the recovery of reflectance spectra of samples from their corresponding colorimetric data. The method modifies the training dataset according to the color specifications of test sample. In fact, different weighting matrices are employed as dynamic modifiers to improve the pseudo‐inverse estimation as a simple recovery method. The employed datasets are examined in the self as well as cross test conditions and the results are spectrally and colorimetrically evaluated. The root mean square errors between the reconstructed and actual spectra along with the corresponding color difference values under different illuminants decrease by employing the suggested modification method in comparison to classical pseudo‐inverse technique as well as the recently improved version named optimized adaptive Wiener method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010 相似文献
38.
39.
The influence of depth of cut on the machinability of an alloyed austempered ductile iron 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The volume fraction of high carbon austenite present in the microstructure of austempered ductile iron (ADI) is one of the important factors that influence the mechanical and physical properties of the alloy. Formation of martensite by TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) mechanism during the machining operation in which a large amount of stress is applied to the microstructure results in a decrease in machinability of austempered ductile iron which has affected the expansion of ADI in industry. In this article, the effect of depth of cut as a machining variable is assessed in an alloyed austempered ductile iron containing Cu, Ni and Mo. The measurements of mechanical properties including impact energy, tensile strength, hardness and microhardness along the cross-section of samples are reported for samples austenitized at 870 °C followed by austempering at 375, 340 and 300 °C. Results indicate that contrary to the behavior of many alloys, in austempered ductile iron, reducing the depth of cut will not improve the machinability. In the case of studied composition, cutting with depths of 0.5 and 0.1 mm had the best and worst results, respectively. 相似文献
40.
In this paper, we present and evaluate a parallel algorithm for parameter tuning of parallel applications. We discuss the impact of performance variability on the accuracy and efficiency of the optimization algorithm and propose a strategy to minimize the impact of this variability. We evaluate our algorithm within the Active Harmony system, an automated online/offline tuning framework. We study its performance on three benchmark codes: PSTSWM, HPL and POP. Compared to the Nelder–Mead algorithm, our algorithm finds better configurations up to seven times faster. For POP, we were able to improve the performance of a production sized run by 59%. 相似文献