Post-activation potentiation in the neocortex of awake freely moving rats

Healthy hair samples from golden hamsters were examined for the presence of dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes using baiting technique and direct inoculation. Thirty-four species and 2 varieties attributed to 17 genera were recovered. Paecilomyces variotii (isolated from 84.4% of the examined hair) and Aspergillus niger (81.3%) were the more frequent isolates on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) without cycloheximide. Our results have clearly demonstrated that the hair of hamster was free from true dermatophytes. Using the dilution plate method many fungal species were isolated from cage material (7 genera and 10 species + 1 variety); from faeces (10 genera and 17 species); from standard chow (3 genera and 6 species) of hamster. P. variotii which was the most frequent fungus in the preceding 3 substrates was completely absent in the presence of cycloheximide in SDA. The present study has demonstrated for the first time the isolation of Trichophyton rubrum from hamster faeces. Also, several saprophytic and cycloheximide resistant fungi were isolated. In the air of hamster cage Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium chrysogenum, Alternaria alternata and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were the most dominant species on SDA with or without cycloheximide. Using the agar diffusion method, Aloe sap, onion oil, garlic bulb extract and aqueous leaf extracts of Andropogon citratus, Euphorbia sp. and Ruta graveolens were tested for their antifungal activity on 10 fungal species. It was observed that onion oil exhibited a high inhibitory effect against most of the tested fungi.     

The vapour pressure of tetrafluoromethane

The vapour pressure of tetrafluoromethane has been measured at its triple-point temperature (89.56 K), and at six higher temperatures up to 173 K. These temperatures were those of the triple-points of six pure substances which had previously been carefully determined and which have been corrected to IPTS-68. The vapour pressure results give an excellent fit to the Wagner equation. They are compared with published values of the vapour pressure of tetrafluoromethane.     

A high-level Petri net for goal-directed semantics of Horn clauselogic

A new high level Petri net (HLPN) model is introduced as a graphical syntax for Horn clause logic (HCL) programs. We call these nets: Horn clause logic goal directed nets (HCLGNs). It is shown that there is a bijection between the queried definite programs and the class of HCLGNs. In addition, a visualization of SLD resolution is realized through the enabling and firing rules and net markings. The correctness of these rules with respect to SLD resolution is also proven. We model SLD refutations and failing computations. It is shown how HCLGNs can be used to model built in atoms and provide a new AND/OR parallel execution model. Recently, several software packages (graphical editors) have become available for editing and executing HLPNs. The simulation capabilities of the HLPN software offer opportunities to perform automated, interactive code walk throughs and also have potential for providing a framework for visual debugging environments. However, HCLGNs differ from the major classes of HLPNs for which software tools have been developed in primarily two ways: the tokens in the markings can have variables; and the firing of a transition may not only update the marking of the adjacent places, but may instantiate variables in tokens in the markings of places that are non adjacent to the fired transition. Thus, the existing packages can only provide graphical syntax editing and are not appropriate for graphical simulation of HCLGNs. We provide an algebraic characterization of HCLGNs that can serve as a design guideline for implementing HCLGNs     

Tracer diffusion of cadmium and mercury in mercury over the temperature range 283–333 K

Calculations associated with the technique of amalgam polarography have demonstrated that there is an urgent need for accurate diffusion coefficient for metals diffusing in mercury. A set of data for trace cadmium diffusing in mercury amalgams has been produced over the temperature range 283–333 K and for zinc at 298 K. As a procedural check, self-diffusion coefficients in liquid mercury have been remeasured over the same temperature range. The classical open-ended capillary technique has been used for both sets of measurements.     

Covalent cross-linking of erythrocyte spectrin by carbon disulfide in vivo

The effects of inflation, generic competition, market introduction of new drug entities, and recent legislation on forecasting drug expenditures are discussed. Inflation as it relates to pharmaceutical prices has been decreasing over the past couple of years. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported a 6.9% increase in the Producer Price Index for drugs and pharmaceuticals in 1991, diminishing to a 4.5% increase for part year 1992. Pharmaceutical industry analysts predict overall annual inflation rates for pharmaceuticals in 1993-94 will range from 2% to 11%. Explanations for the recent low inflation rates and the wide variance among analysts may include the uncertainty of future government regulation on price increases and the backlog of FDA approvals for biotechnologically derived agents. To evaluate generic competition, information on patent or market exclusivity expiration can be used. The price of a generic drug may be 60-70% of the brand price at market introduction, but it usually stabilizes at approximately 50% of the list price. Predicting the market entry of new drug products is difficult and requires monitoring of (1) filing dates for new drug applications (NDAs) and (2) changes within the FDA approval process. According to an FDA report, the mean time to approval for an NDA in 1991 was 28.5 months and for a new molecular entity was 30.03 months. These figures represent little change from the previous five years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Eye tracking in patients with unipolar and bipolar affective disorders in remission.

Examined patients (20–66 yrs old) with a history of recurrent affective disorder on a variety of smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye-tracking tasks and on psychomotor analogs of these tasks. The 25 unipolar and 24 bipolar Ss were compared to 24 schizophrenics; all Ss were in remission. Results indicate that the performance of the 2 affective-disorder groups was not significantly different from that of the controls on any of these tasks. Smooth-pursuit tracking error was greater for Ss receiving Li and for those with a higher frequency of prior episodes of the disorder. When the pursuit eye movements of these Ss were compared to those of the schizophrenics, the latter produced more tracking error than both affective-disorder groups but significantly so only with respect to unipolar Ss. Although findings are consistent with the interpretation that tracking dysfunction is not a trait characteristic of affective disorders, further investigations contrasting remitted patients with bipolar and schizophrenic disorders are needed to determine the specificity of deviant tracking to schizophrenia. (38 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interaction between copper chloride and caffeine as seen by diffusion at 25 °C and 37 °C

A Taylor dispersion method is used to measure ternary mutual diffusion coefficients (D₁₁, D₂₂, D₁₂ and D₂₁) for aqueous solutions of CuCl₂ (1) + caffeine (2) + H₂O-(3) at 25 °C and 37 °C at carrier concentrations from (0.000 to 0.020 mol dm⁻³), for each solute, respectively. The results are compared with these obtained for the binary systems, that is, CuCl₂ (1) + H₂O (2) and caffeine (1) + H₂O (2), also reported here. From these data it is possible to make conclusions about the influence of the caffeine solutes in diffusion of copper chloride.