Solution‐Processed GaSe Nanoflake‐Based Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Photoelectrochemical‐Type Photodetectors

Gallium selenide (GaSe) is a layered compound, which has been exploited in nonlinear optical applications and photodetectors due to its anisotropic structure and pseudodirect optical gap. Theoretical studies predict that its 2D form is a potential photocatalyst for water splitting reactions. Herein, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) characterization of GaSe nanoflakes (single‐/few‐layer flakes), produced via liquid phase exfoliation, for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both acidic and alkaline media is reported. In 0.5 m H₂SO₄, the GaSe photoelectrodes display the best PEC performance, corresponding to a ratiometric power‐saved metric for HER (Φ_saved,HER) of 0.09% and a ratiometric power‐saved metric for OER (Φ_saved,OER) of 0.25%. When used as PEC‐type photodetectors, GaSe photoelectrodes show a responsivity of ≈0.16 A W^?1 upon 455 nm illumination at a light intensity of 63.5 µW cm^?2 and applied potential of ?0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Stability tests of GaSe photodetectors demonstrated a durable operation over tens of cathodic linear sweep voltammetry scans in 0.5 m H₂SO₄ for HER. In contrast, degradation of photoelectrodes occurred in both alkaline and anodic operation due to the highly oxidizing environment and O₂‐induced (photo)oxidation effects. The results provide new insight into the PEC properties of GaSe nanoflakes for their exploitation in photoelectrocatalysis, PEC‐type photodetectors, and (bio)sensors.     

Integrated Inductors Modeling for Library Development and Layout Generation

In this work we propose a modification to the conventional lumped equivalent circuit model for integrated inductors. Also the widely used parametric model is modified. The proposed models expand the frequency range where the integrated inductor behavior is accurately predicted. They are useful in developing automatic tools to assist the designers in selecting and automatically laying-out integrated inductors [1]. This work is based on measurements from integrated inductors fabricated in a standard silicon process.     

碳纳米管的大面积合成及磁性(英文)

通过溶胶凝胶法和氢气还原法制备出Co纳米颗粒并以此作为催化剂材料,通过催化裂解苯的方法,实现了较低温度(460℃)下在Co纳米颗粒表面上合成碳纳米管。采用X射线衍射、激光喇曼光谱、场发射扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计对所合成的碳纳米材料进行了表征。通过优化实验参数,可制备出最大产率和纯度分别为约50和98.02%(质量分数)的碳纳米管。由于铁磁性Co纳米颗粒的进入,使得整个复合物表现出比较好的磁性能。和以往以苯作为碳源合成碳纳米材料相比,此合成方案简单、成本低,且对环境无任何危害,非常适用于磁性碳纳米复合物的批量合成。     

带有低噪声单端转差分电路的射频增益可控放大器

为了改进传统电路中单端转差分电路的噪声性能,提高传统射频可变增益放大器的覆盖范围和步进精度,该文设计了一种带有低噪声单端转差分电路的射频增益可控放大器。该文利用噪声抵消技术降低了噪声系数,利用电容交叉耦合技术展宽电路带宽,利用输出源级跟随器的增益可调功能实现更高的步进精度。电路采用0.18 mm CMOS工艺,1.8 V供电电源,在170-870 MHz频率信号输入下,可以实现最低3.8 dB的噪声系数,55 dB的动态范围,步进精度0.8 dB,消耗14.76 mW的功耗,面积800 mm×600 mm。测试结果表明在覆盖更宽的频段范围下,该文设计的射频可变增益放大器在消耗相同功率条件下与传统的单端转差分电路相比可以达到更低的噪声系数,同时整个可变增益放大器可以提供更高的步进精度。     

Fabrication,characterization, and analysis of photodetectors metal-porous silicon with different geometry and thickness of the porous silicon layer

Porous silicon photodetectors obtained by electrochemical etching of p-type non-polished crystalline silicon were studied. A metal-porous silicon structure was used to obtain the rectifying behavior. The geometry of the metal layer deposited by thermal evaporation on the porous zone was modified with different masks fabricated using a photolithographic method. The samples obtained under different anodization conditions were characterized by PL. The sample that showed the best intensity in photoluminescence, centered on 675 nm, was selected and five samples obtained under these conditions were prepared to compare the difference in the photoresponse because of the geometry of the evaporated metal layer. The responsivities obtained show us an important difference between the devices and allow us to propose a specific geometrical pattern to obtain a better response in this kind of devices.     

Pilot Tones Optimization Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for MIMO–OFDM Systems

How to design the pilot tones that are used in channel estimation has a significant effect on the estimation performance. To achieve good performance in least square (LS) algorithm, we propose the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for optimizing the placement of pilot tones in MIMO–OFDM systems. We also derive the upper bound of mean square error of LS estimation with the help of Gerschgorin disc theorem for fitness function of ABC algorithm. The results show that designing pilot tones using the ABC algorithm outperforms other considered placement strategies in terms of high system performance and low computational complexity.     

Capacity of practical wireless multihop broadcast networks

In a wireless multihop broadcasting scenario, a number of relay nodes may cooperate the source node in order to improve the capacity of the network. However, the imposition of total energy and maximum hop constraints to this system in a practical setting. In this paper, we study an ad-hoc network with infinitely many nodes and analytically find the number and positions of rebroadcasting relay nodes to achieve the optimal broadcast capacity. The interference due to multiple transmissions in the same geographical area is taken into account. According to the results of this theoretical model, we propose two heuristics, one distributed and one centralized, as suboptimal but practical solutions to the relay selection problem in wireless multihop broadcasting. We discuss the broadcast capacity performances and CSI (channel state information) requirements of these algorithms. The results illustrate that the benefits of peer-assisted broadcasting are more pronounced in the centralized relay selection algorithm when compared to the fully randomized and distributed selection under a realistic system model.     

A rapid method for interfacial tension calculation between rock plug and crude oil based on contact angles,application for EOR

Interfacial tension and contact angle are two specific important parameters to take decisions for enhanced oil recovery, for instance, proper chemicals to use for surface tension reduction, expected wettability of solids, interaction between crude oil and rock. For this purpose, the article presents a method for easy calculation of the solid-liquid interfacial tension based on contact angle measurements applying Neumann's correlation and Young's equation. The main idea stands on the calculation of the rock parameters, like wettability, with known substances and extend these results to crude oils. It was possible, based on the results obtained, to establish a relationship between solid-liquid interfacial tension and contact angle for the crude oil – rock system, which can definitively be used for the calculation of interfacial tension of any other fluid spread out on the same kind of rock. A linear regression was obtained with an accuracy as good as R² = 0.9989. Viscosity as a function of contact angle could also be obtained for the studied crude oils in the same kind of rock.     

波面倾斜脉冲泵浦的高效可见光飞秒光参量产生和放大器

利用脉冲波面倾斜技术补偿三波相互作用的群速度失配，建立了掺钛蓝宝石飞秒再生放大器输出倍频光泵浦共线类匹配ＢＢＯ晶体的光参量产生和放大器，其信号和空闲光输出调谐范围为０．４７～２．７μｍ，脉冲宽度为１００～１７０ｆｓ，重复率为１ｋＨｚ。脉冲最大输出能量为６．５μＪ，总能量转换效率大于１５％。     

Evidence of Oxygen Ferromagnetism in ZnO Based Materials

Discoveries of room‐temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in semiconductors hold great promise in future spintronics technologies. Unfortunately, this ferromagnetism remains poorly understood and the debate concerning the nature, carrier‐mediated versus defect‐mediated, of this ferromagnetism in semiconducting oxides is still open. Here, by using X‐ray absorption (XAS) and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), it is demonstrated that the oxygen ions have a ferromagnetic response in different ZnO‐based compounds showing RTFM behavior: ZnO nanoparticles capped with organic molecules and ZnO/ZnS heterostructures. These results demonstrate the intrinsic occurrence of RTFM in these systems, and point out that it is not related to the metallic cation but it relays on the conduction band of the semiconductor.