Chewing on It Can Chew You Up: Effects of Rumination on Triggered Displaced Aggression.

Ruminating about a provocation increases the likelihood of displaced aggression following a minor annoyance (trigger). In Study 1, provoked participants who ruminated for 25 min were more aggressive toward a fumbling confederate than were distracted participants. Provocation-induced negative affect was positively related to aggression but only among those who ruminated. Study 2 conceptually replicated Study 1 and also found that the more negatively people reacted to the trigger, the more likely the trigger was to increase displaced aggression. Study 3 replicated the findings of Studies 1 and 2 by using an 8-hr rumination period. All 3 studies suggest that ruminating about a provocation increases the likelihood that a minor triggering annoyance will increase displaced aggression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pharmacoeconomics of menopause treatments: epidemiological data and hormonal and non-hormonal prescription attitude of Belgian gynecologists

In an economic analysis one has not only to consider costs induced by hormonal substitution therapy (HRT) but also its impact health. Different therapy costs will be considered and related to potential benefits on health. HRT decreases the incidence of symptoms of the menopause, the risk of osteoporosis and perhaps the incidence of coronary hearth disease and the risk of Alzheimer disease but probably increases the incidence of breast cancer. For a majority of women, the favorable impact seems to dominate, increasing their life expectancy.     

Complexities of the Latina experience: A tribute to Martha Bernal.

This address discusses educational attainment rates among Latinas and factors that militate against their educational and professional achievement. The roles of family, community, discrimination, and strategies to counteract discrimination are discussed. It also contains a tribute to a Latina pioneer in psychology, Martha Bernal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Underground wireless communications using high-temperature superconducting receivers

The authors have developed a method for communicating in underground areas with voice. This system utilizes low-frequency electromagnetic radiation and high-temperature superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) as receivers. The system is primarily used to communicate in underground areas using through-the-earth electromagnetic waves. The underground areas are typically mines, but the application is not restricted to that purpose. The communication channel is being used to send voice that has been digitally compressed. Typical rock masses do not allow conventional radio frequency electromagnetic waves to penetrate significant distances. Here, the authors use carrier frequencies of a few kilohertz that penetrate hundreds of meters into rock masses. They are using low-noise broadband superconducting receivers and have established that the signals propagate several hundred meters with modest power levels. Audio has been successfully received at distances in excess of 100 m through solid rock.     

The lattice constants of CuInSe2

The lattice parameters of stoichiometric CuInSe2 and of several related defect structures grown from off-stoichiometric melt compositions are reported. For CuInSe₂ a = 5.814 ± .003 A and c = 11.63 ± 0.04 A corresponding to c/a = 2.000 ± 0.008. The current JPDS data for CuInSe₂ represent an average of the lattice constants of off-stoichiometric defect structures within its homogeneity range.     

Bioinformatics and its role in the study of the evolution and probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria

Food Science and Biotechnology - Due to their numerous well-established applications in the food industry, there have been many studies regarding the adaptation and evolution of lactic acid...     

The microbiome of Escherichia coli and culture-negative nonsevere clinical mastitis: Characterization and associations with linear score and milk production

Culture-negative and Escherichia coli cases are uncommonly treated in pathogen-based protocols for nonsevere mastitis. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing might reveal the presence of other pathogens and can provide information on microbial diversity. The objective was to explore the milk microbiome at the time of the mastitis event (enrollment) and its association with survival in the herd, milk production, and postevent linear score (LS) for cows with clinical mastitis characterized as negative or E. coli by culture. Fifty E. coli-positive and 35 culture-negative samples from cases were enrolled. No cases were treated with antimicrobials. All E. coli-positive quarters were characterized as transient; microbiological culture of samples taken 15 d postmastitis were negative for this organism. However, a difference in α-diversity (Shannon index) was present between enrollment and follow-up samples (3.8 vs. 5.1). When α-diversity was explored for enrollment E. coli samples, no relationship was observed between the Shannon indices of these samples and postmastitis LS. Alpha-diversity of the enrollment samples was lower for E. coli-positive cows that subsequently had greater losses in milk production. This difference was explained by a greater relative abundance of the family Enterobacteriaceae (67.8 vs. 38.4%) for cows that dropped in production. Analysis of composition of the microbiome identified one phylum, Proteobacteria, that differed between E. coli-positive cows that dropped in production and those that did not. Evaluation of β -diversity found no statistical relationship between postmastitis LS and the microbiome. When evaluating α- and β-diversities and composition of the microbiomes for culture-negative quarters, no associations were found for milk production changes and postmastitis LS. Three cows did not remain in the herd, limiting the ability to analyze survival. The findings suggest that a contributing factor to negative outcomes in E. coli-positive cows is relative abundance of this pathogen, and that no single or collective group of bacterial families is associated with milk production changes or postmastitis LS in culture-negative quarters. Although additional studies should be performed, the absence of associations between outcomes explored and microbial profiles in this study suggests that we are not missing opportunities by not treating nonsevere E. coli or culture-negative mastitis cases.