Unvernetzte epoxid-amin-additionspolymere, 16. HPLC-analyse und 13C-NMR-spektroskopie von telechelen (diglycidylether-bisphenol A)-anilin-prepolymeren

Synthesis and properties of telechelic diglycidyletherbisphenol A (DGEBA)-aniline prepolymers with aminoalcohol endgroups are reported. The composition of the prepolymer mixtures obtained by addition polymerization was analyzed by means of HPLC using a LiChrosorb RP-18 column with water/acetonitrile gradient elution mode. The prepolymers represent a series of homologous oligo(aminodiols) 2 , n = (1), 2, 3, 4 ... which are separated into diastereomers. The average value n? depends on the molar ratio of the monomers and is varied between 1,0 and 14,0 resulting in M?_n (vapor pressure osmometry) 500–6000 g · mol^-1. C, H, N elemental analysis and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy were used to estimate the chemical structure of the prepolymer mixtures.     

Depressed and nondepressed inpatients' cognitions of hypothetical events, experimental tasks, and stressful life events.

40 depressed (mean age 40 yrs) and 30 nondepressed (mean age 38 yrs 3 mo) inpatients' attributions and other cognitions were assessed for 3 types of situations: stressful life events (the Beck Depression Inventory), hypothetical events (Attributional Styles Questionnaire), and experimental (noise-escape) tasks. Depressed Ss manifested a greater depressive attributional style in response to stressful life events but did not differ from nondepressed Ss in their attributions of hypothetical events or experimental tasks. Correlations assessing cross-situational consistency of attributions were largely nonsignificant. Corrections for attenuation and analyses of trained evaluators' ratings of Ss' attributions did not substantially alter the pattern of results. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and investigation of α,ω-methacryloyl terminated epoxide-amine macromonomers

Summary ,-methacryloyl-poly (epoxide-amine)-macromonomers were synthesized by reaction of bisphenol-A diglycidylether DGEBA and methacrylic acid followed by addition polymerization of unreacted expoxide groups with primary monoamines or disecondary diamines, respectively. The resultant macromonomers having M_n (vpo)-values between 530 and 2000 g/mol were analysed by IR-, ¹H-NMR- and ¹³C-NMR-spectroscopy. HPLC and GPC analysis were used to determine the distribution of oligomers. The macromonomers are glassy or viscous liquids with T_g between 0 and 50 °C depending on the nature of the amine and polymerization degree.     

Concurrent and predictive validity of an early language screening program

MR imaging has fulfilled many of the dreams of the pediatric radiologist studying the hip: it has allowed depiction of detailed anatomy, evaluation of vascularity and perfusion, determination of synovial proliferation activity in chronic arthritis, and detection of bone marrow changes with great sensitivity. MR imaging also has brought some disenchantments; it lacks specificity, it is expensive and long, and it often requires sedation. MR imaging is operator dependent and hardware and software dependent. Finally, issues of cost-effectiveness and clinical efficacy in comparison with good physical examination and conventional radiography or ultrasound remain unresolved. Demonstration of its cost-effectiveness in the clinical setting is clearly the dominant challenge facing MR imaging today.     

The perils of picking a trademark

As anyone who has done it knows, picking a trademark is hard to do. First, there are the marketing considerations-a good mark can make a good product or service sell even better. Then there are the legal issues. Some marks are not entitled to legal protection (e.g., generic marks) and others are not available because they are already being used by others. One common procedure to determine the availability of a trademark is to conduct a trademark search to see if similar marks for similar goods or services have been used at common law or registered in a state trademark office or in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Not infrequently, a mark with some similarity for somewhat similar goods or services will be found. In the beginning, the differences may be enough to avoid confusion of customers, but with time the situation can change so that the simultaneous use of the two marks becomes a business problem. That is what happened in the recent case of Dreamwerks vs. SKG Studio     

Regulation of migrating motor complexes by motilin and pancreatic polypeptide in human infants

In samples of wool from 1,229 differently colored newborn Astrakhan lambs, the total content of melanins and the proportion of pheomelanin in the total melanin were studied by the method of electron magnetic resonance spectometry. An analysis of the corresponding computer data base revealed that the distribution of the samples with respect to the proportion of pheomelanin had at least four characteristic maximums; 1-6, 9-10, 28-29, and 39% of pheomelanin. The former two maximums were characteristic for the brown and Karakalpak sur colors, and the latter two maximums, for red-brown kambar color. White hair tips, characteristic for the sur color, and the proportion of pheomelanin were combined almost independently; therefore the possibility is discussed of classifying these characters as independent phenes, and some variants of sur, as their combinations.     

Comparison of four digoxin immunoassays with respect to interference from digoxin-like immunoreactive factors

OBJECTIVES: Comparison of a new monoclonal digoxin assay with three polyclonal digoxin assays for their cross-reactivity to digoxin-like immunoreactive factors (DLIF) and digoxin metabolites. DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixty-six nondigitalized patient samples from 5 different groups: neonates, women in 3rd trimester pregnancy, and patients with liver or renal diseases, or undergoing organ transplants, and 139 samples from digoxin-treated patients of 4 categories (hospital sick, liver, renal, and outpatients) were compared in 4 different digoxin assays: (a) ACS Digoxin (ACS) developed for the automated chemiluminescent Ciba Corning ACS 180 system, (b) Baxter Stratus (Stratus, a fluoroimmunoassay), (c) Ciba-Corning Magic (Magic, a radioimmunoassay), and (d) an in-house radioimmunoassay (RIA). The ACS and RIA were also compared for their cross-reactivity to four principal digoxin metabolites. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among the nondigitalized specimens, no significant DLIF interference was found for all 4 assays among the pregnant women or liver and transplant patients. However, the neonates registered high DLIF interference with Magic and RIA, but none for ACS or Stratus. DLIF interference in renal samples was highest in the Magic assay and lowest in RIA. Among the specimens with digoxin, a higher number of discrepant samples were found from the sick patients than from outpatients. In 75% of such discrepant samples, the ACS result was less than other assay results, suggesting DLIF as the probable cause. The two assays differed most in their cross-reactivity to the deglycated metabolites, digoxigenin and its mono-digitoxoside.     

The power of a product patent

How far should a product patent reach? Is it sound public policy for a court to find that such a patent covers products made in ways not known when the patent was originally filed? That was the question before the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) in the recent case of Amgen v. Hoechst and Transkaryotic Therapies. The case involved Amgen's high successful antianemia drug EPOGEN whose sales are currently around US $2 billion per year. The story of this successful drug begins in the early 1980s, when Amgen's scientists applied the still relatively new technology of genetic engineering to the problem of chronic anemia in patients undergoing kidney dialysis. Amgen filed its first patent application on its work in 1983. Over the years, seven U.S. patents have issued claiming priority from this original application, six of which have been the subject of lawsuits brought by Amgen to keep potential competitors out of the lucrative market for erythropoietin.     

Surface analysis of PP/EVA blends modified with amino acids for biomedical applications

The copolymers poly(propylene-co-ethylene) (PP/E) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) and blends of these were modified to develop an artificial matrix which promotes the growth of endothelial cells. Covalent immobilization of amino acids or sequences of adhesion glycoproteins should trigger the formation of an endothelial cell monolayer onto the polymeric surface. Reactive functional groups were generated by saponifying the ester groups of the EVA component. Esterification with oxalylic or malonic dichlorides in the gas phase yielded the required monoesters and gave the best results for further immobilization of amino acids, while reaction with α,ω-dicarboxylic acid dichlorides in solution led to diester formation. Subsequently, various protected amino acids were immobilized via the carbodiimide method. Surface analytical methods like infrared spectroscopy using at tenuated total reflection (IR-ATR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were used to prove the modification steps. The analytical results confirmed covalent side-chain generation in the upper surface region. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.