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41.
Maria Helena de Oliveira Nunes Victor Teixeira da Silva Martin Schmal 《Catalysis Letters》2004,97(1-2):1-8
There is a high industrial demand for MMA and DMA, however, the production of TMA is favored with the commercial catalysts. This work tested the methanol amination reaction with HZSM-5 and Cu/HZSM-5 zeolites (%Cu = 1.2, 3.7 and 6.0). Regarding the MMA selectivity, light differences were observed among Cu/HZSM-5 catalysts and pure zeolite, although the catalysts containing 3.7% copper was slightly more selective to MMA than the other metallic catalysts studied. From these results it is suggested that the metal loading present in the catalysts leads to a modification in the nature of the acidic sites, in particular, the selectivity depends on ratio Brönsted/Lewis acid sites. This modifications would facilitate the amines desorption during the reaction. 相似文献
42.
In this paper, three new Gramians are introduced namely ‐ limited‐time interval impulse response Gramians (LTIRG), generalized limited‐time Gramians (GLTG) and generalized limited‐time impulse response Gramians (GLTIRG). GLTG and GLTIRG are applicable to both unstable systems and also to systems which have eigenvalues of opposite polarities and equal magnitude. The concept of these Gramians is utilized to develop model reduction algorithms for linear time‐invariant continuous‐time single‐input single‐output (SISO) systems. In the cases of GLTIRG and GLTG based model reduction, the standard time‐limited Gramians are generalized to be applied to unstable systems by transforming the original system into a new system which requires the solution of two Riccati equations. Two numerical examples are included to illustrate the proposed methods. The results are also compared with standard techniques. 相似文献
43.
Victor T. Wyatt Kerby Jones David B. Johnston Robert A. Moreau 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2021,98(4):455-461
Distillers grains and solubles generated from the ethanol fermentation of grains contain acylglycerols (AG) that can be successfully converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), commonly known as biodiesel. However, when grain sorghum (milo) DDGS were used as a feedstock for in situ transesterification (IST) under the previously established optimal conditions for other AG-bearing substrates, the yield plateaued at only 32.2% (corrected in this study to 24.2%). Several IST studies have reported significantly higher conversions of AG-bearing substrates to FAME. Therefore, the goal of this IST study was to improve the conversion of the AG in milo DDGS to FAME and FAEE by varying the temperature of reaction, the concentrations of the base (sodium methylate, NaOMe), volume of methanol and ethanol, and the amount of moisture in DDGS. Methyl tert-butyl ester was also evaluated as a co-solvent intended to improve miscibility and reaction rate. Among these variables, the most effective change was an increase in temperature from 40 to 65 °C. The most successful reaction used a AG:NaOMe:MeOH molar ratio of 1.0:2.6:168.9. Those reaction conditions used 4.8 mmol NaOMe dissolved in 12.6 mL MeOH and resulted in a 79.8% conversion of AG to FAME. 相似文献
44.
Natalya N. Barabanova Victor V. Belyaev Dmitriy L. Bogdanov Vladimir G. Chigrinov Artem K. Dadivanyan Artem P. Nazarov Olga V. Noah 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2015,23(10):486-490
A method of controlling anchoring energy of surface interaction of liquid crystal photoaligning substances is considered to enhance the liquid crystal display performances. An important parameter of the dye's molecular structure that determines the ratio of polar and azimuthal anchoring energy is the ability to form dimers. The values of dimerization thermodynamic potentials have been found. The probability of the formation of dye molecules dimers is evaluated. The bonds conjugation transfer via intermolecular hydrogen bond is revealed, and anisotropy of polarizability of the hydrogen bond is evaluated. The effect of dimerization on polar and azimuthal anchoring energy of liquid crystal — azo dye system — is shown. 相似文献
45.
Fabrice Rousselle Petrik Clarberg Luc Leblanc Victor Ostromoukhov Pierre Poulin 《The Visual computer》2008,24(7-9):465-474
We present an efficient method for importance sampling the product of multiple functions. Our algorithm computes a quick approximation of the product on the fly, based on hierarchical representations of the local maxima and averages of the individual terms. Samples are generated by exploiting the hierarchical properties of many low-discrepancy sequences, and thresholded against the estimated product. We evaluate direct illumination by sampling the triple product of environment map lighting, surface reflectance, and a visibility function estimated per pixel. Our results show considerable noise reduction compared to existing state-of-the-art methods using only the product of lighting and BRDF. 相似文献
46.
This paper studies connectivity aspects that arise in image operators that process connected components. The focus is on morphological
image analysis (i.e., on increasing image operators) and, in particular, on a robustness property satisfied by certain morphological
filters that is denominated the strong property. The behavior of alternated compositions of openings and closings is investigated
under certain assumptions, particularly connectedness and a connected component preserving condition. It is shown that these
conditions cannot in general guarantee the strong property of certain connected alternated filters because of issues related
to the locality of the filters. As treated in the paper, there have been a series of misunderstandings in the literature concerning
this topic, and it is important to clarify them. The root cause of those problems is discussed, and a solution is indicated.
The class of connected openings and closings used to build connected alternated filters should therefore be defined to avoid
such situations, since the strong property of alternated filters should be a distinctive characteristic of this class.
相似文献
Victor MaojoEmail: |
47.
Continuity versus Discretization 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The threefold interest in architecture, biology and mathematics motivated us to examine and justify new architectural forms.
We discuss some notions of rhythm: Euclidean, morphogenetic and morphologic. Contemporary relationships between structure
and form are based on the generation of shape by technological processes, thus the resulting objects are restricted to their
material expression. Here a phenomenological organisation of form and its continuity with the landscape arise out of the mathematical
and architectural creativity. The use of the computer is applied from outside to inside instead from inside to outside; this
means that we are dealing with the organisational processes via continuous methods instead of evolutionary processes given
by computer simulations, known as genetic algorithms, where the resulting configurations are reduced to a matter of routine. The role of design as an aesthetic component innovates
the theoretical framework of structural engineering to establish the architectural environments. 相似文献
48.
Spatial correlations define the statistical structure of any visual image. Two-point correlations inform the visual system about the spatial frequency content of an image. Higher-order correlations can capture salient features such as object contours. We studied "isodipole" texture discrimination in V1 to determine if higher-order spatial correlations can be extracted by early stages of cortical processing. We made epicortical, local field potential, and single-cell recordings of responses elicited by isodipole texture interchange in anesthetized monkeys. Our studies demonstrate that single neurons in V1 can signal the presence of higher-order spatial correlations in visual textures. This places a computational mechanism, which may be essential for form vision at the earliest stage of cortical processing. 相似文献
49.
Composite Materials Based on Shape‐Memory Ti2NiCu Alloy for Frontier Micro‐ and Nanomechanical Applications 下载免费PDF全文
50.
Apoorva M. Sampat Edgar Martín-Hernández Mariano Martín Victor M. Zavala 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2018,20(7):1563-1579
Phosphorus (P) runoff from livestock waste can trigger algal blooms that adversely affect aquatic life and human health. One strategy to mitigate this problem is to install nutrient recovery technologies that concentrate and mobilize nutrients from nutrient-rich regions to nutrient-deficient ones. We present supply chain design formulations to identify optimal types and locations for P recovery technologies. The formulations capture trade-offs in transportation costs, technology efficiency, investment/operational costs, revenue collected from different recovered products (struvite and nutrient cakes), and environmental impact. Our computational framework is used to analyze the impact of different scenarios for market prices of recovered products, recovery yields, and remediation costs. We find that transportation of waste alone (without any processing) can achieve significant reductions in environmental impact at low cost, but cannot achieve economic sustainability in the long run due to the lack of direct revenue streams. Mechanical separation technologies that recover P in the form of nutrient cakes are low-cost solutions that can achieve high environmental benefits and reduced transportation costs, but revenues are also limited due to low values of the cakes. Struvite crystallization in fluidized beds is found to be a highly attractive option under current struvite prices, but economic sustainability is strongly dependent on yield recoveries (which are currently highly uncertain). 相似文献