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101.
H. Terasaki Y. Komizo M. Yonemuira T. Osuki 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(4):1261-1266
Kinetic information about the phase transformation, during solidification process and solid-state transformation is essential
to the material processing, such as welding. In our research group, in-situ phase identification system consisting of undulator beam and imaging plate have recently been used. The welding torch is
driven by stepping-motor in the system. Those make possible that phase transformation can be identified in real-time under
the condition of directional solidification and the spatial resolution of 100 × 500 μm. The time-resolution is 0.3125 seconds.
In the present work, combination of analyzing method: the in-situ phase identification system, morphological observation by high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy and observation
of microstructure at room temperature by OM, SEM and micro diffraction-system, is suggested to analyze the phase transformation
during welding process. Phase transformation process of hypereutectoid carbon steel, during welding was analyzed as an example
of combination observation. 相似文献
102.
Over tensile stress ranges giving creep lives up to 2000 hours at 373 to 463 K, the creep and creep fracture properties of
7010 are compared with results recorded for 7075 and other precipitation-hardened aluminum alloys. Using the ϕ methodology
to quantify the systematic variations in creep curve shape with changing test conditions, the behavior patterns displayed
by the different alloys are shown to depend on the extent to which precipitate coarsening causes a progressive loss of creep
strength with increasing test duration and temperature. The ϕ relationships also introduce new approaches for rationalization
and interpretation of creep data sets, based on the activation energy for lattice diffusion in the alloy matrices and the
yield stress or UTS at the creep temperatures. 相似文献
103.
This note proposes a simple linear matrix inequality (LMI) system for the design of static precompensators to reduce the interactions of a multivariable system. The approach is based on minimizing the H2 norm of a modified system and the LMIs are derived from the well known technique of pseudodiagonalisation. The approach is applied to two complex real-life benchmark problems with high levels of interaction. It is shown that its performance is significantly better than previously proposed LMI optimization techniques for designing static precompensators 相似文献
104.
In this paper, we propose a new peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction algorithm for OFDM transmission. The algorithm is based on simple amplitude predistortion of a subset of the input symbol blocks, the predistorted symbols being selected according to a metric which measures their contribution to the output signal samples of large. magnitude. This metric-based algorithm is simple, highly flexible, and can be implemented as a one-shot process, although its performance can be further improved by iterating the process one or more times. 相似文献
105.
Co-browsing is an activity in which a group of users navigate their way through of a set of Web pages together for a shared
purpose. Effective co-browsing among users with different device capabilities requires a shared understanding of those Web
pages. This paper demonstrates the concept of shared viewpoints (SVPs), and personal viewpoints (PVPs), for co-browsing, before
detailing a framework for implementing these concepts. Finally, the effectiveness of the framework is presented through a
perceptual experiment. 相似文献
106.
Koizumi H. Kurokawa K. Mori S. 《IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers》2006,53(3):677-687
This paper presents an analysis of Class D inverter when irregular driving patterns are given to the gate drive of the switch devices. The analysis has been carried out with focusing on the waveforms, harmonics, low-frequency components, output power, and equivalent dc resistance, which are numerically analyzed and discussed. Class D inverters with six different Q factors from 0.1 to 20 are analyzed about 2/sup 16/ driving patterns for each Q. Superior four models of the six inverters are built and tested in circuit experiments. The calculated waveforms are compared to the experimental results. Both of them are agreed well in time domain and frequency domain. Analytical results show a possibility of a novel control method with irregular driving patterns. In spite of discontinuous control, the output power or voltage can be strictly changed as if continuous using the selected driving patterns in some ranges. 相似文献
107.
S H Lee J H Ko J R Kim Y J Kim J J Lee C W Kim T H Lee 《Water science and technology》2006,53(4-5):115-123
The adverse effect of nitrate on the phosphate release rate in the anaerobic phase was observed and was hardly explainable with conventional EBPR process models. Four possible mechanisms were proposed including substrate competition, reduced fermentation, parallel reaction and sequential reaction. Batch experiments were designed and conducted to identify the dominant mechanism. Results showed that the sequential reaction was the only possible mechanism where only denitrification occurred if any nitrate existed in the anaerobic phase. Then the phosphate release following after the nitrate was completely removed. Nitrate inhibition effect was added into the PHA storage rate to incorporate the sequential reaction in the conventional ASM3 plus EAWAG bio-P module (ASM3 + P). Nitrate inhibition coefficient, K(I,NO,PAO) was found to be as low as 0.05 mg/L. This correlated well with experimental observation where no also meant that the anaerobic compartment of a continuous flow reactor could be seriously affected by the residual nitrate contained in the sludge recycle flow. This phenomenon caused overestimation of the phosphate uptake rate and consequently underestimation of PO4(3-) -P concentration. This problem was resolved by incorporation of a nitrate inhibition term in the ASM3 + P for more accurate simulation of the EBPR process. 相似文献
108.
An adaptive numerical dissipation control in a class of high order filter methods for compressible MHD equations is systematically discussed. The filter schemes consist of a divergence-free preserving high order spatial base scheme with a filter approach which can be divergence-free preserving depending on the type of filter operator being used, the method of applying the filter step, and the type of flow problem to be considered. Some of these filter variants provide a natural and efficient way for the minimization of the divergence of the magnetic field (∇·B) numerical error in the sense that commonly used divergence cleaning is not required. Numerical experiments presented emphasize the performance of the ∇·B numerical error. Many levels of grid refinement and detailed comparison of the filter methods with several commonly used compressible MHD shock-capturing schemes will be illustratedA condensed version appears in the Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Scientific Computing, March 10-14, 2003, Hanoi, Vietnam. This is a revised version of a longer internal report, Feb. 19, 2004. The longer internal report was published as a RIACS Technical Report TR03.10, July 2003, NASA Ames Research Center 相似文献
109.
S. Saner H. M. Hassan K.A. Al-Ramadan W.M. Abdulghani 《Journal of Petroleum Geology》2006,29(3):257-272
Throughout the subsurface of the Arabian Peninsula, the approximately 460ft thick, Devonian Jauf Formation generally consists of well-compacted, low-porosity sandstones and shales, but it also includes friable and highly porous sandstones which form significant gas and condensate reservoir intervals. The mineralogy and pore properties of these reservoir intervals at the Hawiyah field (part of the giant Ghawar structure) were studied by integrating petrographic data with petrophysical measurements of reservoir sandstone samples.
The reservoir sandstones are mainly composed of quartz arenites containing small amounts of altered potassium feldspar grains, authigenic illite and chlorite. Based on the pore types, which reflect the habits of the intergranular clays, three reservoir sandstone types have been defined: Type A, characterized by macroporosity; Type B, with microporosity; and Type C, with combined laminations of Types A and B. The dominance of pore-lining clay (as in Type A) or pore-filling clay (as in Type B) is the principal factor controlling the petrophysical properties of the samples. Types A and C sandstones contain macro pores, but irreducible water saturation is high (25 to 45%) compared to clean samples elsewhere, because of the presence of micropores associated with clay. In Type B sandstones the irreducible water saturation is commonly greater than 40% because all the pores spaces are in the microporosity range. The irreducible water saturation in Type B sandstones increases rapidly as porosity decreases. When porosity is less than 10%, the corresponding permeability is 0.2 mD, but no economic production can be expected because water saturation is as high as 100%. In the producing intervals, authigenic clays result in low electrical resistivity due to high water saturation; however, water-free gas is produced. 相似文献
The reservoir sandstones are mainly composed of quartz arenites containing small amounts of altered potassium feldspar grains, authigenic illite and chlorite. Based on the pore types, which reflect the habits of the intergranular clays, three reservoir sandstone types have been defined: Type A, characterized by macroporosity; Type B, with microporosity; and Type C, with combined laminations of Types A and B. The dominance of pore-lining clay (as in Type A) or pore-filling clay (as in Type B) is the principal factor controlling the petrophysical properties of the samples. Types A and C sandstones contain macro pores, but irreducible water saturation is high (25 to 45%) compared to clean samples elsewhere, because of the presence of micropores associated with clay. In Type B sandstones the irreducible water saturation is commonly greater than 40% because all the pores spaces are in the microporosity range. The irreducible water saturation in Type B sandstones increases rapidly as porosity decreases. When porosity is less than 10%, the corresponding permeability is 0.2 mD, but no economic production can be expected because water saturation is as high as 100%. In the producing intervals, authigenic clays result in low electrical resistivity due to high water saturation; however, water-free gas is produced. 相似文献
110.
The influence of network density on the strain hardening behaviour of amorphous polymers is studied. The network density of polystyrene is altered by blending with poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene-oxide) and by cross-linking during polymerisation. The network density is derived from the rubber-plateau modulus determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Subsequently uniaxial compression tests are performed to obtain the intrinsic deformation behaviour and, in particular, the strain hardening modulus. At room temperature, the strain hardening modulus proves to be proportional to the network density, irrespective of the nature of the network, i.e. physical entanglements or chemical cross-links. With increasing temperature, the strain hardening modulus is observed to decrease. This decrease appears to be related to the influence of thermal mobility of the chains, determined by the distance to the glass-transition temperature (T−Tg). 相似文献