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91.
del del Valle M. A. Ugalde L. Díaz F. R. Bodini M. E. Bernède J. C. Chaillou A. 《Polymer Bulletin》2003,51(1):55-62
Summary The influence of electrolyte and monomer concentration on
properties and morphology of electrochemically obtained
polyselenophene films doped and undoped with hexafluorophosphate
and tetrafluoroborate anions was analyzed. The films were
deposited on SnO2-coated glass in a
classical three-electrode cell from the monomer and the
electrolyte in anhydrous acetonitrile.The electrochemical growth of polyselenophene thin films
was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron
probe microanalysis (EPMA), and scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). The morphology study revealed different three-
dimensional (3D) and bidimensional (2D) growth, depending on
monomer and electrolyte concentration. 相似文献
92.
Zinc Coated Steel/Epoxy Adhesive Systems: Investigation of the Interfacial Zone by FTIR Spectroscopy
The present study takes advantage of the ability of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for the analysis of ultrathin organic films on metals. FTIR in the reflection mode (IRRAS) is used in order to study the interaction of ultrathin films of dicyandiamide (hardener of most one-pack epoxy resins) with various substrates, model ones such as gold or zinc and industrial ones such as steel and zinc-coated steels.
Pure zinc surfaces and, to a lesser extent, zinc-coated steels are shown to react with dicyandiamide after heating at 180°C, as evidenced by the frequency shift of the absorption band (at about 2200 cm-1) characteristic for nitrile groups. As real systems consist of thick layers of a fully formulated adhesive cured onto a metallic substrate, the direct investigation of such a buried interphase is no longer possible by FTIR and by most of the known spectroscopies. Some mechanically tested specimens are then analysed, after failure, by FTIR microspectrometry. The spectra obtained, corresponding to the fracture initiation zone which is about 100 μm in diameter, advocate for the presence of an ultrathin layer of modified polymer still covering the substrate. 相似文献
Pure zinc surfaces and, to a lesser extent, zinc-coated steels are shown to react with dicyandiamide after heating at 180°C, as evidenced by the frequency shift of the absorption band (at about 2200 cm-1) characteristic for nitrile groups. As real systems consist of thick layers of a fully formulated adhesive cured onto a metallic substrate, the direct investigation of such a buried interphase is no longer possible by FTIR and by most of the known spectroscopies. Some mechanically tested specimens are then analysed, after failure, by FTIR microspectrometry. The spectra obtained, corresponding to the fracture initiation zone which is about 100 μm in diameter, advocate for the presence of an ultrathin layer of modified polymer still covering the substrate. 相似文献
93.
94.
This paper introduces Voronoi squared distance minimization (VSDM), an algorithm that fits a surface to an input mesh. VSDM minimizes an objective function that corresponds to a Voronoi-based approximation of the overall squared distance function between the surface and the input mesh (SDM). This objective function is a generalization of the one minimized by centroidal Voronoi tessellation, and can be minimized by a quasi-Newton solver. VSDM naturally adapts the orientation of the mesh elements to best approximate the input, without estimating any differential quantities. Therefore, it can be applied to triangle soups or surfaces with degenerate triangles, topological noise and sharp features. Applications of fitting quad meshes and polynomial surfaces to input triangular meshes are demonstrated. 相似文献
95.
Yves Denizot Laurence Michel Jacques Benveniste Alain Meybeck Yolène Thomas Louis Duberfret 《Lipids》1991,26(12):1093-1094
Paf is a phospholipid mediator present in human skin which induces inflammatory events such as neutrophil infiltration and
increased vascular permeability. Recent data suggest that cutaneous cells, such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes, produce
paf and that paf is released during allergic cutaneous reactions. It is tempting to speculate that paf may contribute to the
development of various skin disorders with acute and chronic skin inflammation. Paf antagonists may help in bringing answers
to this hypothesis and may offer new prospects for the treatment of cutaneous inflammatory diseases.
Based on a paper presented at the Third International Conference on Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Alkyl
Ether Lipids, Tokyo, Japan, May 1989. 相似文献
96.
Eijsink Vincent G.H.; Dijkstra Bauke W.; Vriend Gerrit; van der Zee J.Rob; Vettman Oene R.; van der Vinne B.; van den Burg B.; Kempe S.; Venema G. 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1992,5(5):421-426
Cavities in the hydrophobic core of the neutral protease ofBacillus stearothermophilus were analyzed using a threedimensionalmodel that was inferred from the crystal structure of thermolysin,the highly homologous neutral protease of B.thermoproteolyticus(85% sequence identity). Sitedirected mutagenesis wasused to fill some of these cavities, thereby improving hydrophobicpacking in the protein interior. The mutations had small effectson the thermostability, even after drastic changes, such asLeu284Trp and Met168Trp. The effects on T50, the temperatureat which 50% of the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated in 30min, ranged from 0.0 to +0.4°C. These results can be explainedby assuming that the mutations have positive and negative structuraleffects of approximately the same magnitude. Alternatively,it could be envisaged that the local unfolding steps, whichrender the enzyme susceptible towards autolysis and which arerate limiting in the process of thermal inactivation, are onlyslightly affected by alterations in the hydrophobic core. 相似文献
97.
Data reconciliation consists in modifying noisy or unreliable data in order to make them consistent with a mathematical model (herein a material flow network). The conventional approach relies on least-squares minimization. Here, we use a fuzzy set-based approach, replacing Gaussian likelihood functions by fuzzy intervals, and a leximin criterion. We show that the setting of fuzzy sets provides a generalized approach to the choice of estimated values, that is more flexible and less dependent on oftentimes debatable probabilistic justifications. It potentially encompasses interval-based formulations and the least squares method, by choosing appropriate membership functions and aggregation operations. This paper also lays bare the fact that data reconciliation under the fuzzy set approach is viewed as an information fusion problem, as opposed to the statistical tradition which solves an estimation problem. 相似文献
98.
Stability of ruthenium catalysts supported on TiO2 or ZrO2 in catalytic wet air oxidation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The stability of ruthenium catalysts supported on TiO2 and ZrO2 were studied in the wet air oxidation of aqueous solution of succinic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids taken as model effluent and on real effluents from the paper-pulp industry. Catalyst recycling experiments were conducted in batch reactor and long-term stability tests were conducted in trickle-bed reactor. In all experiments, ruthenium and support materials were perfectly stable to leaching, sintering and fouling. Ruthenium catalysts experienced a weak deactivation as they were exposed to air, e.g., in recycling experiments however the loss of activity occurred only after the first exposure and was completely reversible upon catalyst reduction. The deactivation was attributed to an over-oxidation of the catalyst surface particularly noticeable in the case of very small Ru-clusters (1 nm). 相似文献
99.
Nahema Sylla Vincent Bonnet Frédéric Colledani Philippe Fraisse 《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2014
In PSA Peugeot Citroen factories, high precision requirements of workstations make them being manual. One of the main goal of the car manufacturer is to minimize the pain of workers while maintaining high efficiency of production lines. Consequently, assisting operators with an exoskeleton is a potential solution for improving ergonomics of painful workstations while respecting industrial constraints. To determine ergonomic performances of an exoskeleton, human joint angles and torques, ground reaction forces, and duration of operations are analysed for eight subjects performing a representative screwing task. Experiments were performed using ABLE upper-limb exoskeleton, developed by the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), which has the functionality to compensate arm and tools loads. Results show a clear reduction of the sum of the joints torques, up to 38.9%, given by ABLE supply and invite to make concrete the use of exoskeletons in car assembly lines. 相似文献
100.
After cooling from 140°C, the physical aging of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, has been studied at 55, 70, 84, and 90°C by means of temporary microcreep tests. The systematic analysis of recoveries reveals that at 90°C, creep follows successively three different stages. After stress application, creep starts by a logarithmic function of time, while recovery follows exactly the same kinetics. An Andrade creep begins after the logarithmic creep: It is in fact the beginning of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts creep with an exponent of 0.36. This creep is fully recoverable, but the duration of this recovery is ~3 times the creep duration. The third stage of creep is superimposed on the Andrade creep and follows a power law in t0.8, but it is not recoverable in the usual duration of experiments. By comparison with the recoverable creep of PMMA studied by Plazek above Tg, which can be fitted by a KWW law with an exponent 0.8, this third creep is interpreted as the beginning of the rubbery deformation. 相似文献