Technique for bonding gold and silver metals on sapphire

A technique is described for bonding gold and silver metals onto sapphire. This technique has been successfully used in ac calorimetry for heat capacity of films.     

Formation of annealing twins,faceting, and grain boundary pinning in copper bicrystals

In the course of a recent investigation of the kinetics of grain boundary migration in copper bicrystals, formation of annealing twins, faceting and grain boundary pinning have been observed. Stability and frequency of formation of annealing twins are related to boundary misorientation and temperature of anneal. Tendency for grainboundary faceting decreases with increasing temperature indicating that anisotropy of grain boundary energy is more pronounced at lower temperatures. In general, orientations of faceted boundaries corresponded to higher-order twin planes with respect to shrinking grains. At relatively high temperatures (950°C), specimen-thickness-dependent pinning effects also are observed. These observations are described and analyzed in terms of grain boundary structure, energy, and migration behavior.     

Determination of interface-state parameters in a MOS capacitor by DLTS

A modification of the DLTS (Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy) technique for interface-state measurement is described in which the surface potential is used to determine the energy of the interface states contributing to the emission signal. This technique allows an accurate and unambiguous determination of interface-state energies and cross sections. Expressions are determined for interface-state emission as a function of surface potential. Measurements of interface-state density and majority-carrier cross sections as functions of energy for n- and p-type MOS samples are presented.     

Lipid and Phospholipid Profiling of Biological Samples Using MALDI Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry

Here we describe a study of the feasibility of lipid and phospholipid (PL) profiling using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) for two different applications. In this work PL profiles of different mammalian tissues as well as those of whole cell organisms were examined. In particular, comparative analysis of lipid and PL profiles of tissues from mice fed different diets was done and, in another application, MALDI FTMS was used to analyze PL profiles of genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Computational sorting of the observed ions was done in order to group the lipid and PL ions from complex MALDI spectra. The PL profiles of liver tissues from mice fed different diets showed a cross correlation coefficient of 0.2580, indicating significant dissimilarity, and revealed more than 30 significantly different peaks at the 99.9% confidence level. Histogram plots derived from the spectra of wild type and genetically modified yeast resulted in a cross correlation coefficient 0.8941 showing greater similarity, but still revealing a number of significantly different peaks. Based on these results, it appears possible to use MALDI FTMS to identify PLs as potential biomarkers for metabolic processes in whole cells and tissues.     

Fabrication and Tunable Dielectric Properties of (Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3-Glass-Based Thick-Film Capacitors

Ferroelectric glass–ceramics of composition 0.90 (Ba_0.7Sr_0.3) TiO₃–0.10(B₂O₃:SiO₂) (0.90 BST:0.10 BS) synthesized by sol–gel method have been used for the preparation of dielectric thick-film inks. The particle dispersion of the glass–ceramic powders in the thick-film ink formulations have been studied through rheological measurements for fabricating thick-film capacitors by screen printing technique. The thick films derived from such glass–ceramics are found to sinter at considerably lower temperatures than the pure ceramic, and exhibit good dielectric characteristics with a tunability of 32% at 1 MHz under a dc bias field of 35 kV/cm.     

A Rapid Synthesis of Oriented Palladium Nanoparticles by UV Irradiation

Palladium nanoparticles of average size around 8 nm have been synthesized rapidly by UV irradiation of mixture of palladium chloride and potassium oxalate solutions. A rod-shaped palladium oxalate complex has been observed as an intermediate. In the absence of potassium oxalate, no Pd nanoparticles have been observed. The synthesized Pd nanoparticles have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selective area electron diffraction and energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX) analyses. XRD analysis indicates the preferential orientation of catalytically active {111} planes in Pd nanoparticles. A plausible mechanism has been proposed for the formation of anisotropic Pd nanoparticles.     

Fabrication of Worm-Like Nanorods and Ultrafine Nanospheres of Silver Via Solid-State Photochemical Decomposition

Worm-like nanorods and nanospheres of silver have been synthesized by photochemical decomposition of silver oxalate in water by UV irradiation in the presence of CTAB and PVP, respectively. No external seeds have been employed for the synthesis of Ag nanorods. The synthesized Ag colloids have been characterized by UV-visible spectra, powder XRD, HRTEM, and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Ag nanospheres of average size around 2 nm have been obtained in the presence of PVP. XRD and TEM analyses revealed that top and basal planes of nanorods are bound with {111} facets. Williamson–Hall plot has revealed the presence of defects in the Ag nanospheres and nanorods. Formation of defective Ag nanocrystals is attributed to the heating effect of UV-visible irradiation.     

Nanoparticles of 4,7-dichloro-2-quinolinemethylacrylate-based copolymers and their potential cytotoxic activity on human breast carcinoma cells

In this article, an improved synthesis strategy of the potent anticancer compound 4,7-dichloro-2-quinolinemethanol (QM) and its acrylate ester 4,7-dichloro-2-quinolinemethylacrylate (AQM) are described. AQM is copolymerized using free-radical polymerization with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) and the copolymers obtained from different molar ratios of monomers are subjected to nanoprecipitation to produce suspensions of nanoparticles (NPs) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The smallest and stable NPs are prepared with the AQM-VP copolymers 45:55 and 40:60 (118.9 and 128.7 nm in diameter, respectively) at 1 mg mL⁻¹, and along with AQM and QM, are evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-453 breast carcinoma cells using MTT bioassay. AQM and QM are highly cytotoxic (IC₅₀: 19 and 41 μM, respectively); however, the NPs are not cytotoxic in the range of the assayed concentrations. These results contribute to the search for new polymeric NPs with potential application as QM delivery systems for the treatment of cancer or other diseases treatable with QM. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47545.