集束实验针孔成像与仿真分析北大核心CSCD

在激光装置实验中,通过小孔成像原理可获取黑腔靶中发射的X光图像的时间积分。提出一种3倍放大的新型成像设备用于集束实验,通过在与靶轴线夹角30°方向安装带多层镜选能的成像设备从而获取低能和高能段的X光时间积分图像,观察腔壁的再辐射现象。开展了用于集束实验针孔相机的研制工作,包括光路设计与结构设计,通过离线进行测试,在线实验进行打靶考核。进行成像光路仿真,模拟计算了两种镜子的选能效果,并通过光路仿真得到了多层镜、滤片和谱分布对成像结果的影响。采用FLASH对实验辐射场分布进行仿真,作为成像仿真的输入。最后,将此设备获取的成像结果与仿真计算得到的结果进行比较,实验结果与仿真结果基本一致,得到了X光信号强度的分布情况,获取了理想的实验数据,加深了对内部物理现象的理解。由此,建立了针孔成像的仿真能力,能够对成像结果进行预判,指导针孔相机的设计。     

Recent Advances in Mn-Rich Layered Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Branded with low cost and a high degree of safety, with an ambitious aim of substituting lithium-ion batteries in many fields, sodium-ion batteries have received fervid attention in recent years after being dormant for decades. Layered materials are a major focus of study owing to the extensive experience already gained in lithium-ion batteries, and the pursuit of a Mn-rich composition is critical to reduce the cost while retaining the performance. This review provides a timely update of the recent progress of Mn-rich layered materials for sodium-ion batteries based on the understandings of the phase forming principles, structure transformation upon cycling and charge compensation mechanisms and discusses potential ambiguities in the pursuit of high-performance materials.     

(CoFe)Se2@NC超级电容器电极材料的制备及其电化学性能

金属-有机框架(MOF)衍生的过渡金属硒化物和多孔碳纳米复合材料具有巨大的储能优势,是应用于电化学储能的优良电极材料。采用共沉淀法制备CoFe类普鲁士蓝(CoFe-PBA)纳米立方,并通过静电组装在CoFe-PBA上包覆聚吡咯(PPy)得到CoFe-PBA@PPy;通过在400℃氮气中退火并硒化成功制备了氮掺杂的碳(NC)包覆(CoFe)Se₂的(CoFe)Se₂@NC纳米复合材料,并对其结构和形貌进行了表征。以(CoFe)Se₂@NC为电极制备了超级电容器,测试了其电化学性能,结果表明,在电流密度1 A/g时超级电容器的比电容达到1047.9 F/g,在电流密度5 A/g下1000次循环后具有良好的循环稳定性和96.55%的比电容保持率。由于其性能优越、无毒、成本低和易于制备,未来(CoFe)Se₂@NC纳米复合材料在超级电容器中具有非常大的应用潜力。     

氧化镧/聚丙烯防X射线复合纤维的制备及性能表征

先采用熔融纺丝方法制备了不同氧化镧含量的氧化镧/聚丙烯复合纤维,然后采用对二甲苯在相同处理时间(1 h)不同温度(105~109℃)下溶解复合纤维中的部分聚丙烯基体以提高纤维中氧化镧含量,并对处理过后的纤维进行扫描电镜、X射线屏蔽性能等测试。此外,采用硅烷偶联剂改性氧化镧,通过熔融纺丝法制备了表面活性氧化镧/聚丙烯复合纤维,并对其作了差示扫描量热分析、扫描电镜、力学测试等性能表征。实验结果表明,随未改性氧化镧添加量增加,纤维力学性能下降,玻璃化转变温度向低温方向移动,纤维热稳定提高;有机改性可改善氧化镧在聚丙烯中的分散,提高纤维的力学性能,纤维玻璃化转变温度较纯聚丙烯纤维升高;用对二甲苯在107℃处理1h所获取的复合纤维中氧化镧含量最高,X射线屏蔽性能最优。     

“制器尚象”造物思想对当代陶艺的价值研究

目的研究"制器尚象"造物思想对当代陶瓷艺术设计的价值和意义。方法分析当今中国陶艺创作的思想与工艺技术的现状与问题,将"象"之要义从象形、象理、象德进行解析,在外形、材质、巧工、情感传递4个方面解读"制器尚象"的美学特征、造物哲理和蕴涵在古人造物过程中的哲匠精神。结论当代陶瓷艺术创作应注重"制器尚象"造物思想的传承创新和工艺技术的精湛用心,以执着追求的匠心精神创造出具有时代审美需求和民族特色的陶艺精品。     

Emergence of photoluminescence on bulk MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> by laser thinning and gold particle decoration

We demonstrate a facile and effective approach to significantly improve the photoluminescence of bulk MoS₂ via laser thinning followed by gold particle decoration. Upon laser thinning of exfoliated bulk MoS₂, photoluminescence emerges from the laser-thinned region. After further treatment with an AuCl₃ solution, gold particles self-assemble on the laser-thinned region and thick edges, further increasing the fluorescence of bulk MoS₂ 28 times and the Raman response 3 times. Such fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to both surface plasmon resonance and p-type doping induced by gold particles. The combination of laser thinning and AuCl₃ treatment enables the functionalization of bulk MoS₂ for optoelectronic applications. It can also provide a viable strategy for mask-free and area-selective p-type doping on single MoS₂ flakes.

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基于WebGIS的开封市电子地图系统设计与实现

WebGIS技术是WWW技术和Internet应用于GIS开发的产物,是实现GIS互操作的一条最佳解决途径。基于MapGIS的WebGIS系统实现的主要功能是电子地图的网上发布,在对地图"数字化"的基础上,实现放大、缩小、漫游、更新、全图显示、鹰眼等基本操作,以及查询、分层显示、计算距离和面积等功能。本系统以MapGIS为二次开发平台,MapGIS-IMS工具包提供了一系列ASP函数和Java文件,开发者可以在这些函数的基础上进行IMS的扩展编程,实现WebGIS的研究与开发。     

Extracting a largest redundancy-free XML storage structure from an acyclic hypergraph in polynomial time

Given a hypergraph and a set of embedded functional dependencies, we investigate the problem of determining the conditions under which we can efficiently generate redundancy-free XML storage structures with as few scheme trees as possible. Redundancy-free XML structures guarantee both economy in storage space and the absence of update anomalies, and having the least number of scheme trees requires the fewest number of joins to navigate among the data elements. We know that the general problem is intractable. The problem may still be intractable even when the hypergraph is acyclic and each hyperedge is in Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF). As we show here, however, given an acyclic hypergraph with each hyperedge in BCNF, a polynomial-time algorithm exists that generates a largest possible redundancy-free XML storage structure. Successively generating largest possible scheme trees from among hyperedges not already included in generated scheme trees constitutes a reasonable heuristic for finding the fewest possible scheme trees. For many practical cases, this heuristic finds the set of redundancy-free XML storage structures with the fewest number of scheme trees. In addition to a correctness proof and a complexity analysis showing that the algorithm is polynomial, we also give experimental results over randomly generated but appropriately constrained hypergraphs showing empirically that the algorithm is indeed polynomial.