Experimentally validated analytical modeling of diesel exhaust HC emission rate

Supercharged diesel engines are a key source of hazardous regulated emissions that have been extensively modelled, yet without explainable mathematical trends. The present paper demonstrates the analytical modeling of the percentage of unburned Hydrocarbon and the HC emission rate in four-stroke diesel engines for trucks. The study presents as well the analytical modeling of the supercharged air density. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted on these developed models. The study shows that the average percentage of deviation of the simulated results from the corresponding freeway cycles field data on the percentage of unburned Hydrocarbon and the HC emission rate is 10.6% and 4%, respectively. The corresponding coefficient of determination is 70% and 83%, respectively. The relative error of the developed models of the percentage of unburned Hydrocarbon and the HC emission rate is 10.6% and 2%, respectively. The study demonstrates with 99% coefficient of determination that the average percentage of deviation of the simulated results from the corresponding field data under the steady speed operating condition for all freeway cycles on the supercharged air density is 3.7%. The relative error of the developed model of the supercharged air density is 4%. These values of relative error are in an order of magnitude of deviation that is less than that of widely recognized models in the field of vehicle powertrain modeling, such as the CMEM. These developed analytical models serve as widely valid models that follow entirely from the principles of physics and the results of these developed models have explainable mathematical trends. The fact that these developed models are dimensionally correct further supports the validity of these models. The present models can help in better analyzing the performance of diesel engines and in developing and assessing the performance of these engines.     

Intelligent Positioning System: Learning Indoor Mobility Behavior and Batch Affiliations

Wireless Personal Communications - Mobility data is of great significance because of the recurring events in daily behavior. These events are consistent and have a hidden structure. Identifying the...     

Assessing classifiers from two independent data sets using ROC analysis: a nonparametric approach

This paper considers binary classification. We assess a classifier in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC). We estimate three important parameters, the conditional AUC (conditional on a particular training set) and the mean and variance of this AUC. We derive, as well, a closed form expression of the variance of the estimator of the AUG. This expression exhibits several components of variance that facilitate an understanding for the sources of uncertainty of that estimate. In addition, we estimate this variance, i.e., the variance of the conditional AUC estimator. Our approach is nonparametric and based on general methods from U-statistics; it addresses the case where the data distribution is neither known nor modeled and where there are only two available data sets, the training and testing sets. Finally, we illustrate some simulation results for these estimators     

An SVD audio watermarking approach using chaotic encrypted images

This paper presents a new approach for audio watermarking using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) mathematical technique. The proposed approach can be used for data hiding in the audio signals transmitted over wireless networks and for multi-level security systems as will be stated in the applications section. This approach is based on embedding a chaotic encrypted watermark in the singular values of the audio signal after transforming it into a 2-D format. The selection of the chaotic encryption algorithm for watermark encryption is attributed to its permutation nature, which resists noise, filtering, and compression attacks. After watermark embedding, the audio signal is transformed again into a 1-D format. The transformation between the 1-D and 2-D formats is performed in the well-known lexicographic ordering method used in image processing. The proposed approach can be implemented on the audio signal as a whole or on a segment-by-segment basis. The segment-by-segment implementation allows embedding the same watermark several times in the audio signal, which enhances the detectability of the watermark in the presence of severe attacks. Experimental results show that the proposed audio watermarking approach maintains the high quality of the audio signal and that the watermark extraction and decryption are possible even in the presence of attacks.     

Neuro-fuzzy system in partitioned client-side Web cache

This paper proposes a novel contribution in Web caching area, especially in Web cache replacement, so-called intelligent client-side Web caching scheme (ICWCS). This approach is developed by splitting the client-side cache into two caches: short-term cache that receives the Web objects from the Internet directly, and long-term cache that receives the Web objects from the short-term cache. The objects in short-term cache are removed by least recently used (LRU) algorithm as short-term cache is full. More significantly, when the long-term cache saturates, the neuro-fuzzy system is employed efficiently in managing contents of the long-term cache. The proposed solution is validated by implementing trace-driven simulation and the results are compared with least recently used (LRU) and least frequently used (LFU) algorithms; the most common policies of evaluating Web caching performance. The simulation results have revealed that the proposed approach improves the performance of Web caching in terms of hit ratio (HR), up to 14.8% and 17.9% over LRU and LFU. In terms of byte hit ratio (BHR), the Web caching performance is improved up to 2.57% and 26.25%, and for latency saving ratio (LSR), the performance is better with 8.3% and 18.9% over LRU and LFU, respectively.     

A high performance parallel Radon based OFDM transceiver design and simulation

A major goal of the next-generation wireless communication systems is the development of a reliable high-speed wireless communication system that supports high user mobility. They must focus on increasing the link throughput and the network capacity. In this paper a novel, spectral efficient system is proposed for generating and transmitting two-dimensional (2-D) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols through 2-D inter-symbol interference (ISI) channel. Instead of conventional data mapping techniques, discrete finite Radon transform (FRAT) is used as a data mapping technique due to the increased orthogonality offered. As a result, the proposed structure gives a significant improvement in bit error rate (BER) performance. The new structure was tested and a comparison of performance for serial one-dimensional (1-D) Radon based OFDM and parallel 2-D Radon based OFDM is made under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), flat, and multi-path selective fading channels conditions. It is found that Radon based parallel 2-D OFDM has better speed and performance than serial 1-D Radon based OFDM.     

Design and Stability Analysis of a Fractional Order State Feedback Controller for Trajectory Tracking of a Differential Drive Robot

International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - In this paper, a new structure of a Fractional Order State Feedback Controller (FOSFC) is designed to solve the problem of trajectory...     

Ultrathin polyaniline film coated on an indium–tin oxide cell-based chip for study of anticancer effect

Polyaniline emeraldine base (EB) coated indium–tin oxide (ITO) electrode was prepared for the construction of a cell-based chip. Ultrathin polyaniline PANI film on an ITO was electroactive at neutral pH without co-deposition of an acidic counterion. HeLa cells were cultured on a PANI/ITO substrate and utilized to assess the biological toxicity of anticancer drugs. Cell growth, cell viability and drug-related cell toxicity were evaluated by a cyclic voltammetry (CV) method under a neutral pH. We demonstrated the functionality of a PANI coated ITO electrode for use as a cell chip and found that PANI was a good surface for the HeLa cells to grow without any significant morphological changes.     

Fatty Acid Profile and Selected Chemical Contaminants in Yellowfin Tuna From the Arabian Sea

Fresh yellowfin tuna (n = 110) collected for a period of one year was analyzed for chemical composition, fatty acids, nutrients, and toxic metals. The mean values of investigated minerals were 892, 2834, 0.81, 6.61, 0.38, 11.0, 0.94, 0.59, 0.71, 0.53, and 0.29 mg kg^–1 for Na, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Sr, and V, respectively. Average Cd, Pb and Hg levels were 0.016, 0.029 and 0.137 mg kg^?1, respectively. The average concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 196.56, 84.8, and 218 mg 100g^–1, respectively. Yellowfin tuna contained higher DHA (148.2 mg 100g^–1) than EPA (29.3 mg 100 g^–1). A meal with 100 g of this species provides 48.6 and 71.05% of the required daily level of protein and EPA+DHA, respectively. Yellowfin tuna showed low thrombogenic (0.27) and atherogenic (0.43) potential and the value obtained for h/H index (1.97) indicates that regular intake of yellowfin tuna may bring hypocholesterolemic effect. All contaminants in the studied fish were either undetectable or present at very low levels when compared to the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), and European Union regulatory standards and yellowfin tuna would be one of the best options for people who frequently consume tuna fish to get sufficient EPA+DHA and essential elements.