低孔隙率胶凝材料的孔结构测定方法

本文用压汞法和氦比重仪法测定了低孔隙率胶凝材料的孔结构,结果表明氦孔隙率显著大于汞孔隙串。用两种方法测得的孔隙率与力学性能相关,得到完全不同的拟合参数。在低孔隙率胶凝材料中,大量闭合孔的存在使压汞法出现大的“损失孔隙”。因此,氦孔隙率可以作为低孔隙率胶凝材料的结构参数,而用压汞法可能会导致错误的结论。     

Analysis of the polyethylene glycol glucosides and FA esters thereof by atmospheric-pressure ionization MS

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) glucosides (PEGG) and the PEGG esters of lauric acid were analyzed by atmospheric-pressure ionization MS (API-MS) with electrospray ionization. Straightforward mass characterization of the complex mixtures could be achieved without prior chromatographic separation. The constituents were identified on the basis of quasi-molecular ions. Individual components could be observed as protonated molecular ions [M+H]⁺ and/or as their NH₄ ⁺, Na⁺, or K⁺ adducts in positive ion mode. The mass spectrometric investigation showed that mixtures of PEGG consisted of monoglucoside, diglucoside, polyglucoside, and free PEG. The esterification product is a mixture of two types of nonionic surfactants: PEG-laurates and PEGG-laurates. The reasons for distortion of the quasi-molecular ion intensities and the stabilization of adduct ions were discussed. The rapid and highly sensitive API-MS analysis technique proposed here is well suited for direct characterization of complex mixtures and suitable for development as a routine analytical method.     

改性环氧基减摩材料

介绍了一种塑料基减摩材料,它是以改性环氧树脂为主体,加入固体润滑剂及增强材料等组成,具有较为理想的摩擦学特性。还讨论了固体润滑剂、增强材料对制件摩擦学特性的影响,并展望了它们的应用前景。     

中国钛白工业发展中几个问题的思索

论述了中国钛白工业发展中出现的几个问题，如：钛矿资源不足和采矿能力不足；高钛渣生产装置正在建设中，高钛渣尚未应用于钛白生产；钛白生产厂家过多，生产规模偏小；钛白行业对钛铁矿没有统一的标准等。提出在钛资源方面中国应在加大开采力度的同时，组织从国外进口；应建设高钛渣生产基地；应制定出钛白行业的钛铁矿标准；应建设热、电、化工、钛白联合企业等。     

Aboveground nitrogen in relation to estimated total plant uptake in maize and bean

The main objective of this field study was to estimate the total plant uptake of soil mineral N in maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in crop rotations under different N content in Nicaragua. Secondary objectives were to estimate the fraction of the measured soil mineral N content taken up in this way, and to determine how the measured N in plant aboveground parts was related to the total mineral N uptake. A large variation in N content was obtained by using data from fertilisation experiments. Plant total N uptake was estimated as the residual N in a mass balance calculation of soil mineral N. Mineral N content in the top 0–0.3 m soil layer in the field cultivations and in tubes isolated from root uptake, and N content in aboveground plant parts were measured every 30 days. Estimated plant total uptake of soil mineral N varied considerably (2.5–14 g N m⁻² 30 day⁻¹) over periods and N treatments. The range of variation was similar for maize and bean. The fraction of the soil mineral N that was taken up by the plant daily varied more in maize (about 0.03–0.12 day⁻¹) than in bean (about 0.05–0.08 day⁻¹). Our results suggest that monthly changes in N in aboveground plant parts were linearly related to plant total N uptake during the same period. Aboveground plant N constituted between about 55% and 80% of total uptake of soil mineral N in maize depending on period within season, whereas for bean it was more constant and smaller (about 40%).     

S—94触变性不饱和聚酯树脂的制备和开发

在基体树脂中添加触变剂白炭黑，制成了Ｓ－９４触变性不饱和聚酯树脂。该树脂的触变指数比基体树脂高３倍多，改善了不饱和聚酯树脂的流变性。     

Electrochemical micromachining of nitinol by confined-etchant-layer technique

The confined etchant layer technique has been applied to fabricate complex three-dimensional microstructures on nitinol for the first time. HF and HNO₃ were locally and simultaneously electrogenerated at the mold surface to etch a nitinol workpiece. NaOH was used as an efficient scavenger to confine the etchant close to the mold. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to study the electrochemical behavior of a Pt electrode in the etching solution in order to choose an appropriate potential for etchant generation on the mold. The thickness of the confined etchant layer was estimated to be several micrometers by inspecting the deviation of the sizes of the etched spots from the sizes of those on the microelectrode. Thus, the composition of the electrolyte could be optimized for better etching precision. By optimizing the composition of the electrolyte, complex microstructures on a Pt-Ir mold bearing the logo “XMU” of Xiamen University were successfully fabricated on nitinol. The etched patterns were approximately negative copies of the mold, and the precision of duplication could easily reach the micrometer scale.     

货架喷塑前处理工艺的选择与应用

介绍了CZ99-03(7)常温锌系磷化剂在货架上的应用,根据货架构件的特点,优化货架喷塑前处理工艺,讨论了影响磷化质量的工艺因素,提出了提高磷化效果的措施以及进一步改进磷化工艺的工艺设计。     

Oligomer and Polymer Formation in Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D<Subscript>3</Subscript>) – Hydrosilane Systems Under Catalysis by tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane

Summary Reactions of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, D₃, with 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, ^HMM^H, 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane, ^HMM, phenyldimethylsilane and phenylmethylsilane catalyzed by tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane were studied. These reactions lead to ring opening of D₃ by the SiH reactant producing open chain oligomers with hydrosilane functionality at one or both chain ends. The reactivity of the hydrosilanes toward D₃ decreases in the series: PhMeSiH₂ > ^HMM^H > PhMe₂SiH > ^HMM. Competitive self-oligomerization of ^HMM^H and ^HMM also occurs. Primary products of these processes are able to enter into reactions with the SiH and D₃ reactants; some also undergo cyclization. Thus, consecutive and competitive processes lead to a series of various oligohomologues. Gas chromatography in conjunction with chemical ionization mass spectroscopy permitted identification of structure and determination of the basic directions of these oligomerization processes. Polysiloxanes of higher molecular weight may be also formed in some of these systems. The reactions, which occur in the systems studied, are rationalized on the basis of the mechanism involving the hydride transfer from silicon to trivalent boron. This includes the transient formation of tertiary trisilyloxonium borate which decomposes by the hydride transfer to one of the silicon atoms of the trisilyloxonium center. Footnote: This paper is dedicated to Professor Ian Manners in recognition of his significant contributions to the field of organometallic polymers.     

界面改性PA6/TPE共混物的形态结构与性能

通过控制马来酸酐(MAH)的用量制得不同接枝率的马来酸酐接枝热塑性弹性体(TPE-g-MAH),利用其与尼龙6(PA6)在共混过程中的反应增容作用,实现了与PA6的相容共混,并研究了PA6/TPE共混物的结构与性能。结果表明,TPE-g-MAH可有效地提高PA6/TPE共混物的韧性,且随着其接枝率的增加,共混物的韧性提高;TPE-g-MAH有效地改善了PA6/TPE共混物的界面相容性,并且随着其含量的增加,相界面增容效果变好。