国内聚乙烯产品结构变化对α-烯烃发展的影响

论述了线型聚乙烯(HDPE/LLDPE)产品与α–烯烃的关系,分析了国内线型聚乙烯的供需增长、产品结构变化及α–烯烃在聚乙烯生产中的主要应用,提出随着国家经济"双循环"时代来临,聚乙烯产品结构的调整必将驱动对α–烯烃共聚单体(尤其是1–己烯和1–辛烯)的需求,对于促进高碳α–烯烃的国产化及产业发展有显著推动作用.     

Effect of surface free energy on the adhesion of biofouling and crystalline fouling

Pipelines and heat exchangers using seawater as coolant suffer from biofouling. Biofouling not only reduces heat transfer performance significantly, but also causes considerable pressure drop, calling for higher pumping requirements. It would be much more desirable if surfaces with an inherently lower stickability for biofouling could be developed. In this paper, a cost-effective autocatalytic graded Ni-Cu-P-PTFE composite coating with corrosion-resistant properties was applied to reduce biofouling formation. The experimental results showed that the surface free energy of the Ni-Cu-P-PTFE coatings, which were altered by changing the PTFE content in the coatings, had a significant influence on the adhesion of microbial and mineral deposits. The Ni-Cu-P-PTFE coatings with defined surface free energy reduced the adhesion of these deposits significantly. The anti-bacterial mechanism of the composite coatings was explained with the extended DLVO theory.     

Effect of preparation conditions on the properties of a coal-derived activated carbon honeycomb monolith

Activated carbon honeycomb (ACH) monoliths were prepared by extruding of a mixture of bituminous coal and organic additives and subsequent carbonization and steam activation. Preparation parameters that were varied were carbonization temperature and activation time. The carbonization conditions were 500, 650 and 800 °C for 1 h and the steam activation conditions were 850 °C for 2, 4 and 6 h. The monoliths at various states were characterized by SEM, XRD, nitrogen adsorption and compression test. It was found that carbonization temperature has significant effects on pore size distribution and mechanical strength of ACH monoliths. The ACH monoliths prepared from high carbonization temperatures exhibited lower values of the BET surface area and total pore volume and higher value of the mechanical strength than those of the ACH monoliths prepared from low carbonization temperatures. This was attributed to the effect of high temperature carbonization that results in the formation of relatively less defective structures.     

Informational Entropy: a Failure Tolerance and Reliability Surrogate for Water Distribution Networks

Evolutionary algorithms are used widely in optimization studies on water distribution networks. The optimization algorithms use simulation models that analyse the networks under various operating conditions. The solution process typically involves cost minimization along with reliability constraints that ensure reasonably satisfactory performance under abnormal operating conditions also. Flow entropy has been employed previously as a surrogate reliability measure. While a body of work exists for a single operating condition under steady state conditions, the effectiveness of flow entropy for systems with multiple operating conditions has received very little attention. This paper describes a multi-objective genetic algorithm that maximizes the flow entropy under multiple operating conditions for any given network. The new methodology proposed is consistent with the maximum entropy formalism that requires active consideration of all the relevant information. Furthermore, an alternative but equivalent flow entropy model that emphasizes the relative uniformity of the nodal demands is described. The flow entropy of water distribution networks under multiple operating conditions is discussed with reference to the joint entropy of multiple probability spaces, which provides the theoretical foundation for the optimization methodology proposed. Besides the rationale, results are included that show that the most robust or failure-tolerant solutions are achieved by maximizing the sum of the entropies.     

A helical drive in-pipe robot based on compound planetary gearing

The modern society is fuelled by very comprehensive grids of gas and liquid pipelines. In recent years, various in-pipe robots have been developed for inspection and maintenance tasks inside such pipes. In this paper, a novel in-pipe robot is proposed and developed for gas/oil well interventions at thousands of meters downhole. Due to the nature of such intervention, in-pipe robot design must be capable of carrying a very large payload, as large as 2500?N inside a pipe with diameter as small as 54?mm. The proposed design concept is based on a compound planetary gearing system. One of the major novelties of this design is the use of pipe wall as a ring gear for one stage of the compound planetary gear system; the other novelty is the generation of helical angle when the planetary gears are expanded to press on the pipe wall. The proposed concept is compact, efficient, and has never been reported before. In this paper, the helical angle, the velocity, and load capability of the proposed system will be analyzed. The load transportation capability of the proposed robot is also measured based on an experiment. Initial data have shown great potential in carrying large payloads.     

Collaborative representation with reduced residual for face recognition

Collaboration representation-based classification (CRC) was proposed as an alternative approach to the sparse representation method with similar efficiency. The CRC is essentially a competition scheme for the training samples to compete with each other in representing the test sample, and the training class with the minimum representation residual from the test sample wins the competition in the classification. However, the representation error is usually calculated based on the Euclidean distance between a test sample and the weighted sum of all the same-class samples. This paper exploits alternative methods of calculating the representation error in the CRC methods to reduce the representation residual in a more optimal way, so that the sample classes compete with each other in a closer range to represent the test sample. A large number of face recognition experiments on three face image databases show that the CRC methods with optimized presentation residual achieve better performance than the original CRC, and the maximum improvement in classification accuracy is up to 12 %.     

A new Chinese character recognition approach based on the fuzzy clustering analysis

In this paper, a new Chinese character recognition (CCR) approach is proposed based on the fuzzy clustering analysis theory. Chinese characters (CCs) have various similar radicals and stroke components, which make it difficult to recognize features in the CCR process. At the same time, the recognition accuracy and the efficiency are lower when the objects to be recognized are complex. In order to solve these problems, a fuzzy clustering analysis method is introduced to enhance the computing efficiency. At first, the CCs including learning samples and testing samples are transformed into binarization templates in the form of matrixes. Then, the minimum distance algorithm is applied to calculate ‘distances’ between the testing sample templates and the learning sample templates. At last, the character recognition can be achieved by searching the minimum distance from the results. The experiment results of the CCR process can prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the new method.     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of a FCC regenerator

The hydrodynamic and gas mixing characteristics have been determined in a FCC regenerator (0.48 m I.D.x3.4 m high) with FCC particles. Solids holdup in the dense bed decreases with increasing gas velocity, but it increases in the freeboard region. The bubble/void fraction increases with an increase along the bed height at a given gas velocity and increases with increasing gas velocity at a constant bed height. Backmixed tracer gas at the wall region is higher than that at the center region of the bed. The gas backmixing coefficient decreases with increasing gas velocity.     

发酵工厂中空气净化工艺的合理选择

从节能、降低成本、优化工艺的角度，对无菌空气制备过程中，空气预处理流程的选择、空气净化设备、过滤介质以及设备的遴选进行探讨，以实现工艺和工程设计的优化结合。