“重点受控”与“局部放任”─—山地城市设计方法研究之一

本文试图找到一种可操作的城市设计方法。以山地城市形态为切入点，辩证地应用重点论和两点论，对山地城市形态的重点要素进行重点控制，而对非重点要素采取引导性设计。     

节能与环保系列报道之八——甘肃省砂加气混凝土砌块自保温节能材料应用与研究

针对在加气混凝土砌块自保温节能材料砂甘肃省难以推广和应用的现状,根据对庆阳市应用砂加气混凝土砌块作为自保温节能墙体材料的调查研究,分析了甘肃省砂加气混凝土砌块自保温节能材料的性能特点和应用技术,提出了推广和应用的相关建议。     

The creation of the incapable social tenant in Flanders,Belgium. An appraisal

As long as the social rented sector housed traditional families and the allocation procedures were rather loose, there was little commotion about the sector. A combination of a change in family structures, economic changes, and the strengthening of allocation procedures in favour of those most in need did change perceptions. Marginalisation and ghettoisation, especially of high-rise social housing estates, became buzzwords. This paper deals with the causes of these changes and with their implications. The marginalisation discourse calls for enlarging the target groups and estate-specific allocation procedures (to obtain a `social mix'). It illustrates a profound desire to diminish the number of ethnic minorities, single parents, single-person households and all kinds of people with a weak income profile who gain access to social rental housing. Furthermore, this discourse is reaching a crescendo: after it was started in the early 1990s by staff members of local social housing companies, it passed through the union of the social housing companies, the umbrella organisation of the sector, and parliament, reaching its greatest momentum so far in early 2002 when it was adopted by the Flemish housing minister. The counterpoint to this negative discourse is the high degree of satisfaction among social tenants, as observed in a study carried out in 1999. In our paper we will try to explain the background of these opposing trends and the possible consequences for the social rental housing in general and for tenants in particular.     

一种航空深弹安定器的CFD优化设计

静稳定性是航空深弹稳定飞行的先决条件,某对称配置的航空深弹静稳设计主要通过调整安定器的外形和相对位置实现。利用CFD方法研究某航空深弹在各种安定器外形参数条件下的流体动力参数,优化在总体接口条件限制下最可能实现的安定器外形设计。通过使用Fluent软件计算结果与试验结果的比较,认为此计算结果可信。     

水下发动机复合壳体一体化设计技术

介绍了水下发动机复合壳体一体化设计新技术,对其耐外压性能进行了仿真计算,并对发动机尾罩耐压性能和防渗性能进行了试验验证。结果表明,水下发动机可以采用以玻璃钢为主体材料的一体化复合壳体,在有效减小发动机质量和体积的同时实现水下密封,可广泛应用于水下高速航行器设计。     

商品混凝土公司的绿色清洁生产

新型高端环保型混凝土生产线,以三废零排放、降粉尘、降噪声,实现混凝土无害化生产,利用湿混凝土砂、石清洗、分离、回收和污水净化循环使用,大大减轻了混凝土生产过程中,对环境造成的污染,同时节约了资源,降低了成本。     

The potential use of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fabaceae</Emphasis> lianas fibers in papermaking

The objective of this study was to anatomically characterize the fibers of nine species of Fabaceae lianas, to determine their potential in papermaking and to define which biometric parameters can be used to distinguish and identify individuals. The species presented average values of 76.81, 57.45, 42.55, and 1.81 for the felting index, wall fraction, coefficient of flexibility, and Runkel index, respectively. It is concluded that only M. ferox and M. madeirense can be recommended for papermaking.     

The impact of natural and artificial weathering on the visual,colour and structural changes of seven tropical woods

This study investigates the effects of wood weathering on changes in its macroscopic and colour characteristics in connection with changes in its molecular and anatomical structure. Seven hardwoods suitable for outdoor architecture—bangkirai, cumaru, cumaru rosa, ipé, jatobá, kusia, and massaranduba—were exposed to the exterior out of ground contact for 1–36 months according to EN 927-3, and for 1–12 weeks in Xenotest with water spraying according to partly modified EN 927-6. With prolonged weathering, the following changes occurred in the top surfaces of all tropical woods: (1) visual—creation of longitudinal macro-cracks, (2) spectrophotometry and CIE-L ^? a ^? b ^? —darkening in exterior exposure mainly due to pollutants, except for ipé, and vice versa lightening in Xenotest, as well as greening and blueing in both modes of exposure, (3) FTIR—faster decrease of guaiacyl than syringyl lignin, absolute decrease of conjugated and unconjugated carbonyl groups in the newly formed lignin-polysaccharide-extractive substrate in the photo-oxidized and washed-out cell walls, and decrease of cellulose crystallinity, (4) SEM—damaging of cell-walls by micro-cracks, and their degradation by thinning. Connections between changes of the individual characteristics of weathered woods, for example, between the colour (ΔE*, etc.) and the molecular structure (carbonyls, etc.), were also determined.     

Characteristics of cricket (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gryllus bimaculatus</Emphasis>) chitosan and chitosan-based nanoparticles

The field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) is commonly consumed as food in different parts of the world. This study was performed to characterize the chitosan extracted from crickets and to assess its potential use to the growing functional market. The degree of deacetylation (DA), Fourier-transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, molecular mass, scanning electron microscopy spectra, and color were measured. Cricket chitosan nanoparticles were prepared, and the optimal conditions were identified. The molecular mass of the cricket chitosan was lower than that of commercial chitosan; however, the DA, FTIR, and XRD spectra were similar. The particle size (208.27 ± 3.47 nm), zeta potential (35.72 ± 1.29 mV), and polydispersity index (PDI: 0.27 ± 0.03) of the cricket chitosan NPs were superior to the commercial. Addition of NaCl reduced the cricket chitosan NPs size up to 15.5%. This finding is a novel trial to prove the availability of the insect chitosan with a low molecular mass as an active carrier source.     

A hybrid approach to detect crack parameters using measured natural frequencies in thin walled angle section steel beams

Present study outlines a hybrid approach using Finite Element Method (FEM)–Response Surface Method (RSM)–Genetic Algorithm (GA) to predict the crack parameters, namely crack position and crack depth ratio with the help of only the measured natural frequencies of cracked thin walled beams. Numerical experimental trials of cracked beams have been conducted based on design of experiment (DOE) approach using an improved Finite element model. The improvement has been achieved by consideration of warping stiffness in cracked angle section beam. Thereafter, regression analysis has been conducted to construct Response Surface Function (RSF). Optimum crack parameters were then calculated using GA by minimizing an objective function which has been formed as the root mean square (RMS) of the residuals between RSFs and measured frequencies. Results of the study indicate that, the proposed approach performs with excellent accuracy and it does not require the response of an uncracked beam as benchmark information.