Editorial

Intelligent Service Robotics -     

Effects of CaO and Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>CO<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the reduction of high silicon iron ores

The effects of CaO and Na₂CO₃ on the reduction of high silicon iron ores at 1 250 °C were studied. The experimental results showed that the metallization rate was significantly hindered by the addition of CaO and Na₂CO₃, particularly at the early stage of roasting, compared to the rate without additives. In the absence of additives, iron oxides were quickly reduced to metallic iron, and fayalite was difficult to form. When CaO and Na₂CO₃ were added, the low reducible iron-containing silicate compounds formed and melted, subsequently retarding the metallization process. The inhibition of Na₂CO₃ was more noticeable than that of CaO, and higher Na₂CO₃ doses resulted in stronger inhibition of the increased metallization rate. However, when Na₂CO₃ was added prior to CaO, the liquid phase formed, which facilitated the growth of the metallic phase. To reinforce the separation of the metallic phase and slag, an appropriate amount of liquid phase generated during the reduction is necessary. It was shown that when 10% CaO and 10% Na₂CO₃ were added, a high metallization rate and larger metallic iron particles were obtained, thus further decreasing the required Na₂CO₃ dosage.     

Electrochemical behavior of magnolol on FeWO<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoflower modified carbon paste electrode

In order to establish a simple, sensitive, and fast reliable detection method to determine the magnolol, FeWO₄ nanoflower was synthesised through a solvothermal technique and FeWO₄ nanoflower modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed. The voltammetric behavior of magnolol on the modified electrodes was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental results showed that the modified electrode remarkably enhanced the electrochemical response of the magnolol and exhibited a wide linear range for determination of the magnolol from 1.0×10^-7 to 1.0×10^-4 mol/L with a low detection limit of 5.0×10^-8 mol/L.     

复合岩体的TBM破岩机理数值模拟

为了指导TBM刀盘刀具的研制和不同地质条件下刀盘刀具的选型,TBM破岩机理的研究成为核心。在TBM滚刀的作用下,岩体中裂纹的生成、扩展和连接规律是深刻理解TBM破岩机理的前提,因此,TBM滚刀破岩机理的研究具有重要的工程应用价值。目前,TBM滚刀破岩机理的研究主要集中在单一岩体中,但在TBM施工过程中会遇到各种复杂的地质条件。笔者采用离散元方法,研究了复合岩体的破岩机理,复合岩体中岩片的形成不同于单一岩体,其裂纹的最终连接是由起裂于复合岩体交界面上的微裂纹的扩展,将两滚刀之间的赫兹裂纹连接,最终形成岩片。因此,在一定情况下复合岩体更有利于TBM隧道施工。     

Invertebrate response to impacts of water diversion and flow regulation in high‐altitude tropical streams

Water supply systems are critical infrastructure that provides food and energy security for developed societies. The operation of reservoirs (flow regulation) and water intakes (water diversion) has known negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems; however, quantification of ecological impacts and examination of these two types of flow alteration remain a developing area of research. We investigated the individual and combined impact of flow regulation and water diversion on stream ecosystem integrity, the freshwater macroinvertebrate community, and the population structure of flow‐sensitive insects. For 2 years, we monitored quarterly discharge, physical and chemical stream conditions, and benthic invertebrates of four high‐altitude tropical streams that are part of the water supply system of Quito, Ecuador. Flow regulation caused a loss of the hydrological seasonality of these streams, including a decrease in stream depth and biotic quality. Water diversion caused a decrease in dissolved oxygen and overall ecosystem integrity. Freshwater invertebrate density and richness decreased as a result of water diversion and flow regulation. The combined flow alteration in these streams decreased the density of nymphal stages of the widely distributed mayfly Andesiops peruvianus. Given the societal needs for food and energy security, water management for diversion (e.g., irrigation) and in‐line storage practices (e.g., hydroelectric dams) are anticipated to increase. This research suggests that the negative environmental impacts of flow alteration could be mitigated with discharge releases designed to approximate the natural hydrologic regime of undisturbed streams.     

一种安全校正策略的优化模型

根据电网安全校正策略的某优化模型对电力系统进行了合理的简化,将发电机和负荷的参数调整问题转化为建立、求解非线性的连续和二元混合规划问题。模型根据设置的复杂约束条件和合理的目标函数,通过求解数学模型得出合理有效的安全校正方案,并进行在线安全校正,在短时间内恢复系统正常运行,避免连锁故障的发生,有较好的安全性和合理性。     

超临界乙醇提质生物油的汽油机试验研究

配制了典型的模型油模拟提质产物中的中质成分(沸点为80~200℃),在1台单缸4冲程汽油机上对模型油、模型油-汽油混合燃料及汽油进行试验研究.结果表明:调整化油器结构适当增加供油量,在不改变发动机其他特性的条件下,燃用模型油的动力略微下降,下降幅度在5%以内,能耗率平均下降了8.47%;HC和CO排放远远低于汽油,平均下降了42.97%和66.7%,但NOX和CO2排放明显上升,相对汽油平均分别上升了29.47%和20.17%.对汽油机不作任何调整,燃用模型油体积分数10%(B10)和20%(B20)的混合燃料的动力特性及排放特性一般介于汽油与模型油之间.     

长沙市小微企业人才激励机制的优化研究

小微企业在扩大就业渠道、促进经济增长和社会和谐稳定、提升科技创新能力等方面有着不可替代的作用,对国民经济和社会发展具有重要的战略意义。通过分析长沙小微企业人才激励机制现状及存在的问题,有针对性的提出人才激励机制优化建议,对于小微企业的引进人才、用好人才、留住人才,具有一定的指导意义。     

TRD工法水泥土墙现场取芯的三轴渗透试验

为提高TRD工法在国内的应用水平,通过对天津市某基坑项目TRD水泥土墙进行现场取芯,在实验室内进行三轴渗透试验,得出水泥土墙在不同水泥掺入比条件下的芯样渗透系数曲线、不同养护龄期条件下芯样的渗透特性关系和不同土层条件下的芯样渗透系数对比,并分析产生上述曲线关系的原因,得出满足基坑止水要求的水泥经济掺入比和合理的养护龄期,给出了不同龄期下TRD水泥土墙渗透系数与水泥掺入比的经验公式.结果表明,TRD工法优于传统的SM W工法.     

冷连轧过程控制中轧制力和前滑模型的综合自适应

为了提高冷连轧过程控制系统中轧制力模型的设定精度,提出了一种轧制力和前滑模型的综合自适应算法.通过建立综合自适应目标函数,以变形抗力和摩擦系数模型中的自适应系数作为寻优参数,并采用Rosenbrock算法求解目标函数,可以同时得到满足轧制力模型和前滑模型计算精度的自适应系数.该模型自适应算法可成功应用于某1 450 mm冷连轧机组.结果表明,采用该模型的综合自适应算法后,轧制力设定精度显著提高,且满足在线控制要求.