纳米四氧化三铁的化学制备方法研究进展

阐述了纳米四氧化三铁在磁性材料、多功能材料、催化材料以及医学领域的应用现状。对纳米四氧化三铁的制备方法如沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法、水热与溶剂热法、热分解法、静电纺丝法等做了介绍。分析了各种纳米四氧化三铁材料的形态如纳米颗粒、纳米棒、纳米线、纳米膜、杂化、核壳结构纳米晶等的适用领域。总结了各种制备方法的研究进展,分析了其优缺点并结合作者课题组在纳米四氧化三铁制备方面的研究工作,对纳米四氧化三铁的今后的研究方向作了展望：制备特殊形貌的纳米四氧化三铁材料、减少纳米四氧化三铁的团聚和氧化、多种制备方法的结合以及如何实现大规模工业化生产。     

Thermosensitive and ampholytic hydrogels for salt solution

A series of N‐isopropylacrylamide/[[3‐(methacryloylamino)propyl]dimethy(3‐sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide] (NIPAAm/MPSA) copolymer hydrogels were prepared with various compositions. Swelling of the hydrogels in water, aqueous NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, and MgCl₂ solutions was studied. NIPAAm/MPSA hydrogels have a higher degree of swelling in water and salt solutions than that of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). Also, NIPAAm/MPSA hydrogels are more salt resistant when deswelling in salt solutions. For <7 mol % MPSA, the formed hydrogels retain both temperature reversibility and high swelling. A higher content of MPSA (>11 mol %) leads to better salt resistance but a decrease in thermosensitivity. The swelling of NIPAAm/MPSA hydrogel in 0.05M NaCl is non‐Fickian. In NaCl and KCl aqueous solutions, the zwitterionic hydrogels do not show obvious antipolyelectrolyte swelling behavior, whereas in divalent salt CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ solutions, the swelling ability of NIPAAm/MPSA hydrogels is enhanced at low salt concentration, then decreases with further increase in salt concentration. The lower critical solution temperatures of NIPAAm/MPSA hydrogels are also affected by concentrated salt solution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2032–2037, 2003     

双亲嵌段聚合物的合成及在共混体系中的增容作用

主要介绍了以活性阴离子聚合法和原子转移自由基聚合法合成双亲嵌段聚合物的方法、特点和影响因素,另外对双亲嵌段聚合物在聚合物共混体系中的增容作用作了评述。     

Temperature-induced changes in morphology and microstructure of electrospun mullite nanofibers fabricated from a hybrid mullite sol

Mullite nanofibers with small diameter and high surface area are an ideal candidate as the reinforcements in composite materials, and have promising applications in the fields of catalysis, filtration, thermal storage and so forth. In this work, electrospun mullite nanofibers were successfully synthesized using a hybrid mullite sol. The morphology and microstructure of fibers calcined at different temperatures were investigated. The morphology of fibers synthesized at 900 °C is porous with coarse surface, and after crystallization it becomes compact with smooth surface. The densities of fibers increase with the increasing temperatures. At 1200 °C the surface of fibers becomes coarse again, as a result of the grain growth of mullite. The crystallization path of fibers was revealed that the Al-rich mullite (4Al₂O₃·SiO₂) together with amorphous silica formed at 1000 °C, changed into mullite with higher silica contents as temperature further increased, and finally transformed into a stable 3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ phase at 1200 °C. During this crystallization process, the flow of amorphous silica phase and the formation of mullite crystal structure benefit the densification of fibers, leading to the resultant fibers with fine and compact microstructure. The present findings can provide a guideline for the preparation of the promising high-mechanical mullite nanofibers and the synthesized nanofibers display great potential as reinforcements in structural ceramic composites.     

过冷中间流体气化器换热过程数值模拟

中间流体气化器(IFV)多采用丙烷作为中间流体,利用其蒸发、冷凝相变过程将LNG气化。为了减小气化器体积,采用过冷中间流体换热流程。对过冷丙烷换热流程中的换热器换热过程进行数值模拟,研究影响过冷流体换热的因素。结果表明,随着海水流率的增大,换热增强;随着海水入口温度的升高,丙烷和水的进出口温差变大。在实际的工程应用中,在允许范围内尽量增大海水流率,以提高换热器效率。换热器倾斜角度对换热的影响需通过实验进一步探明。     

织金磷矿稀土分离试验研究

为回收织金磷矿中的稀土资源,进行了用磷酸分离织金磷矿中磷与稀土的试验研究。介绍了试验原理、工艺流程。试验结果表明,磷浸出率大于95%,约83%的稀土富集在渣中,渣中稀土氧化物质量分数大于50%,达到了分离磷与稀土的目的。     

氰化钠工业发展趋势分析

回顾了氰化钠工业的发展过程;结合对轻油裂解法、安氏法、丙烯腈副产法以及其它生产工业的发展、技术水平和制约因素的论述,分析了行业当前的现状和问题;对今后的发展予以展望。     

The combination of expandable graphite,organic montmorillonite,and magnesium hydrate as fire‐retardant additives for ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/chloroprene rubber foams

The fire retardancy and flame‐retardant mechanism of expandable graphite (EG), organic montmorillonite (OMMT), and magnesium hydrate (MH) in ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer/chloroprene rubber (EPDM/CR) foams were investigated. The results indicated that the combination of EG and OMMT remarkably improved the fire‐retardant property compared to the control samples, and better fireproof performance was achieved when MH was used as the third coretardant unit. The structure of the obtained EPDM/CR/OMMT composites was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, and the results showed that the composites had an intercalated nanostructure. The limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test results showed that the LOI values and UL‐94 rating increased while the second peak of the heat release rates (HRR) decreased within the EG/OMMT system. In particular, the second pHRR disappeared when the EG/OMMT/MH system was used as a flame retardant. Moreover, the results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the combination of EG and OMMT reduced the thermal‐degradation rates and mass‐loss percentages. Furthermore, observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed that EG and OMMT left over after combustion formed a complete, compact, and rigid charred layer with a mosaic structure of expanded graphite embedded in cortical‐honeycomb layers of OMMT. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44929.     

油茶饼粕制备活性炭工艺研究

根据GB/T 12496.10-1999测定被活性炭吸附过后的亚甲基蓝溶液的吸光度来检测活性炭的吸附性能,根据吸附结果得出最佳工艺条件:磷酸法为磷酸浓度60%,活化时间120 min,活化温度500℃,收率为46.25%,亚甲基蓝吸附量为:12.0 m L/0.1g。KOH/NaOH法制备活性炭最佳条件为炭化时间60 min,活化温度700℃,收率为11.66%,亚甲基蓝吸附量为11.5 m L/0.1g。结果表明磷酸法收率高,吸附效果理想,是油茶饼粕活性炭较好的制备方法。