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31.
Jan van Eijck 《Formal Aspects of Computing》1994,6(1):766-787
Presuppositions of utterances are the pieces of information you convey with an utterance no matter whether your utterance is true or not. We first study presupposition in a very simple framework of updating propositional information, with examples of how presuppositions of complex propositional updates can be calculated. Next we move on to presuppositions and quantification, in the context of a dynamic version of predicate logic, suitably modified to allow for presupposition failure. In both the propositional and the quantificational case, presupposition failure can be viewed as error abortion of procedures. Thus, a dynamic assertion logic which describes the preconditions for error abortion is the suitable tool for analysing presupposition. 相似文献
32.
33.
Microbiological denitrification of red beet juice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dorota Walkowiak-Tomczak 《European Food Research and Technology》2002,215(5):401-406
The purpose of study was the determination of optimal conditions for red beet juice denitrification by Paracoccus denitrificans bacteria as well as the evaluation of the usefulness of microbiologically treated juice for the production of a natural colouring preparation for foods. Total reduction of nitrates was found during bacterial culturing at 25 and 30 °C, at an initial pH of 7.0-8.0 and juice osmotic pressure of 900-1100 mOsm/kg. Microbiological denitrification procedure affected colour, taste and aroma of the juice. However, the use of juice as food colouring and component was made feasible by acidification and partial evaporation of water together with volatile substances. 相似文献
34.
35.
Woo Gon Kim Sung Ho Kim Woo Seog Ryu 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2002,16(11):1420-1427
The Monkman-Grant (M-G) and its modified parameters were evaluated for type 316LN and modified 9Cr-Mo stainless steels prepared
with minor element variations. Several sets of creep data for the two alloy systems were obtained by constant-load creep tests
in 550-650°C temperature range. The M-G parameters,m, m’,C, andC’ were proposed and discussed for the two alloy systems. Them value of the M-G relation was 0.90 in type 316LN steel and 0.84 in modified 9Cr-Mo steel. Them’, value of the modified relation was 0.94 in type 316LN steel and 0.89 in 9Cr-Mo steel. Although creep fracture modes and
creep properties between type 316LN and modified 9Cr-Mo steels showed a basic difference, the M-G and its modified relations
demonstrated linearity quite well. Them’ of modified relation almost overlapped regardless of the creep testing conditions and chemical variations in the two alloy
systems, and the parameterm’ was closer to unity than that of the M-G relation. 相似文献
36.
Three interesterified vegetable oils (IVOs) prepared from palm, cottonseed, and olive oil, respectively, have been studied for application to Frankfurters. Beef fat (10%) was replaced by one of the IVOs at 20, 60 or 100%. Fatty acid composition of the lipid fraction in the Frankfurters and saturated/unsaturated ratios were established for all batches. We found that total or partial replacement of beef fat by IVOs did not lead to significant changes in appearance, colour, texture, flavour or sensory score. We conclude that IVOs may be successfully applied as beef fat substitutes in Frankfurters. 相似文献
37.
J-M Choe 《欧洲信息系统杂志》2002,11(2):142-158
This study empirically examined the organisational learning effects of the nonfinancial performance information provided by management accounting information systems (MAISs) under advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). In this study, a target costing system and the frequent and quick reporting of information were considered the facilitators of learning. First, we examined the relationships between AMT level and the amount of nonfinancial performance information produced by MAISs. The empirical results showed that there are significant positive relationships between the level of AMT and nonfinancial performance information. With a systems approach, we also proved the impact of the relationships among AMT levels, nonfinancial performance information and learning facilitators on the organisational performance of a firm. The results of our research suggest that under a high level of AMT, for the provision of information to result in an increase of performance through organisational learning, a target costing system must be introduced and a large amount of information should be provided frequently and quickly. The results of this study also showed that although AMT level may be low, fairly well-arranged facilitators and a moderately large amount of information may be necessary for the improvement of performance. In conclusion, effective organisational learning depends on the provision of relevant information as well as efficient learning support mechanisms. 相似文献
38.
Sung D. Kwon Sung J. Song Dong H. Bae Young Z. Lee 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2002,16(9):1084-1092
The frequency dependency of Rayleigh surface wave is investigated indirectly by measuring the angular dependency of the backward
radiation of the incident ultrasonic wave in two kinds of degraded specimens by scuffing or corrosion. Then, the frequency
dependency is compared with the residual stress distribution or the corrosion-fatigue characteristics for the scuffed or corroded
specimens, respectively. The width of the backward radiation profile increases with the increase of the variation in residual
stress distribution for the scuffed specimens. In the corroded specimens, the profile width decreases with the increase of
the effective aging layer thickness and is inversely proportional to the exponent, m, in the Paris’ law that can predict the
crack size increase due to fatigue. The result observed in this study demonstrates high potential of backward radiated ultrasound
as a tool for nondestructive evaluation of subsurface gradient of material degradation generated by scuffing or corrosion. 相似文献
39.
Less may not be more,but it still counts: The state of social capital in Yeoville,Johannesburg 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Kirsten Harrison 《Urban Forum》2002,13(1):67-84
40.
Yanqiu Shao Jiqing Han Ting Liu Yongzhen Zhao 《International Journal of Speech Technology》2007,10(1):45-55
In real speech, not like lexical words (LWs), prosodic words (PWs) are basic rhythmic units. The naturalness of a Text-to-Speech
(TTS) system is directly influenced by the segmentation of the PWs. Most of the PWs are the combination of several LWs. In
this paper, three Lexical Combination Models are proposed to combine LWs into PWs, including a Directed Acyclic Graph Model,
a Segmentation Model and a Markov Model (MM). To cope with the situation where some long LWs should be segmented into two
or more PWs, a Lexical Split Model (LSM) is applied to the long LWs. Experimental results prove that relatively constant results
with various training data can be obtained from a MM. The Transformation-Based Error Driven Learning (TBED) algorithm, for
its high performance of individual property, is applied in combination with the MM to improve the precision of PW segmentation.
Experiments show that among the three proposed models, the MM combined with TBED and LSM, leads to the best performance, in
which a precision of 93.00% and a recall of 93.23% are achieved. The perception test indicates that by using PWs as the lowest
prosodic units a speech sounds more natural and acceptable than by using LWs.
This paper is supported by NSFC Project (60503071); 973 Natural Basic Research Program of China (2004CB318102); Postdoctor
Science Foundation of P. R. China (20070420275). 相似文献