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71.
Ottavia Colombo Simona Villani Giovanna Pinelli Claudia Trentani Maurizia Baldi Orazio Tomarchio Anna Tagliabue 《Nutrition journal》2008,7(1):5
Background
Excess body fat is a major risk factor for disease primarily due to its endocrine activity. In recent years several criteria have been introduced to evaluate this factor. Nevertheless, treatment need is currently assessed only on the basis of an individual's Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated as body weight (in kg) divided by height in m2. The aim of our study was to determine whether application of the BMI, compared to adiposity-based criteria, results in underestimation of the number of subjects needing lifestyle intervention. 相似文献72.
Lei Liu Ying Kong Hong Xu Jin P. Li Jin X. Dong Zhi Lin 《Microporous and mesoporous materials》2008,115(3):624-628
A three-dimensional zinc phosphate compound with DFT topology, designated as ZnPO4-EU1, has been synthesized by an ionothermal approach from the system HF-ZnO–P2O5-choline chloride-imidazolidone. Ethylenediamine, derived from decomposition of the imidazolidone component of the deep-eutectic solvent (DES) itself, is delivered to the synthesis and serves as an appropriate template for ZnPO4-EU1. Experiments in which the synthesis conditions were varied showed that ZnPO4-EU1 may be prepared over a wide molar ratio of P/Zn = 0.55–13.0. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained at intervals to track the crystallization process of this material. The experimental data show that Zn3(PO4)2 · 4H2O (a dense phase) was first isolated from the DES after reaction for 1 h. Subsequently, the pure phase of ZnPO4-EU1 was obtained with increasing crystallization time from 12 h to 72 h. The experimental results show that the nucleation and crystallization take place with relatively low levels of solvent degradation, demonstrating that zinc phosphate with a three-dimensional framework can be synthesized by in situ generation of an appropriate template using an unstable DES at high temperatures (150–200 °C). 相似文献
73.
Digant Gupta Christopher G Lis Sadie L Dahlk Jessica King Pankaj G Vashi James F Grutsch Carolyn A Lammersfeld 《Nutrition journal》2008,7(1):19
Background
Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) derived phase angle is increasingly being used as an objective indicator of nutritional status in advanced cancer. Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) is a subjective method of nutritional status. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between BIA derived phase angle and SGA in advanced colorectal cancer. 相似文献74.
Cloning of observables, unlike standard cloning of states, aims at copying the information encoded in the statistics of a
class of observables rather then on quantum states themselves. In such a process the emphasis is on the quantum operation
(evolution plus measurement) necessary to retrieve the original information. We analyze, for qubit systems, the cloning of
a class generated by two noncommuting observables, elucidating the relationship between such a process and joint measurements.
This helps in establishing an optimality criterion for cloning of observables. We see that, even if the cloning machine is
designed to act on the whole class generated by two noncommuting observables, the same optimal performances of a joint measurement
can be attained. Finally, the connection with state dependent cloning is enlightened. 相似文献
75.
Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel beschreibt einige Erfahrungen und typische Problemstellungen mit Textmining in der Medizin und gibt einen Einblick
in aktuelle und zukünftige Herausforderungen in Forschung & Entwicklung. Interessant ist n?mlich, dass auch im ,,Multimedia-Zeitalter“
die meiste Information immer noch als ,,Text“ vorliegt. Mithilfe von statistischen und linguistischen Verfahren wird mit sogenannter
,,Textmining-Software“ versucht, aus Freitexten Information ,,heraus zu schürfen“ (deshalb ,,Textmining“). Allerdings ist
es damit noch nicht genug. Der n?chste Schritt besteht darin, die Information sowohl nutzbar als auch brauchbar zu machen.
Die jeweiligen End-Benutzerinnen und End-Benutzer müssen in die Lage versetzt werden, auf der Basis der gewonnenen Information
deren Wissen zu erweitern. In unserem konkreten Fall sollen damit Entscheidungen im Rahmen ?rztlichen Handelns unterstützt
werden. Probleml?sungen in diesem Bereich erfordern eine holistische Sicht- und Herangehensweise. Daher wird es immer wichtiger,
Erkenntnisse aus Informatik und Psychologie zusammenflie?en zu lassen und auf systemischer Ebene technologisch umzusetzen. 相似文献
76.
A new torque estimator for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives based on 2-D rotary regression analysis is presented in this paper. The proposed torque estimator is composed of a bicubic regressive polynomial as a function of rotor position and input current. The regressive coefficients can be computed offline or online from the torque characteristics acquired either experimentally or from numerical computation. Furthermore, a torque estimation method by taking mutual coupling into consideration is proposed. It can be seen that the estimated and experimentally obtained self-coupling and mutual-coupling torque characteristics are in good agreement with each other. In addition, the dynamic torque waveforms with and without the mutual coupling, estimated by the proposed estimator, are found to be virtually the same as those obtained from the bicubic spline interpolation for SRM drives with single-pulse voltage, hysteresis current chopping, as well as with voltage pulse width modulation control. The success of all the case studies being reported is a good validation of the usefulness and accuracy of the proposed real-time torque estimator that, as described in this paper, can be used to quickly estimate the instantaneous output torque of SRM drives. 相似文献
77.
Junwei Fu Zhengbiao Zhang Zhenping Cheng Jian Zhu Wei Zhang Xiulin Zhu 《Polymer Bulletin》2008,61(3):287-297
A novel reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) reagent bearing triphenylamine (TPA)
group, 4-diphenylamino-dithiobenzoic acid benzyl ester (DDABE), was designed and synthesized. It was used
in the RAFT polymerizations of styrene (St) and methyl acrylate (MA) to prepare end-functionalized polymers.
The results of the polymerization showed that the RAFT polymerizations could be well controlled using DDABE
as the RAFT agent. Number-average molecular weight (Mn,GPC) increased linearly
with monomer conversion, and molecular weight distributions were relatively narrow (PDI<
1.50). The results of chain-extension reaction, 1H NMR spectra and UV/Vis
spectra confirmed that most of the polymers chains were end-capped by the functional triphenylamine
(TPA) groups. The effect of feed molar ratios of St/DDABE/AIBN on polymerization was investigated. 相似文献
78.
The cellulose solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (TBAF) was
successfully applied as reaction medium for the synthesis of allyl cellulose by conversion of the polymer
with allyl chloride in the presence of solid NaOH. Samples with degree of substitution from 0.50 to 2.98
were accessible by varying the molar ratio anhydroglucose unit:allyl chloride:NaOH and reaction time. DMSO/TBAF
was found to be an efficient reaction medium for the preparation of highly functionalized samples from spruce
sulfite pulp with degree of polymerization of about 500 even in a scale of 50 g. The allyl cellulose samples
were characterized by means of FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy. Size exclusion chromatography revealed negligible
polymer degradation during synthesis and purification of the samples. 相似文献
79.
Vanesa Rodríguez-Amor Juan P. Fernández-Blázquez Antonio Bello Ernesto Pérez María L. Cerrada 《Polymer Bulletin》2008,60(1):89-96
Summary The effect of molecular weight on the uniaxial orientation process has been analyzed in two samples of thermotropic poly(diethylene
glycol p,p′-bibenzoate), evaluating the influence of that parameter on the type of orientation obtained. Several strain rates and deformation
temperatures have been tested in order to map out the conditions for obtaining the two different kinds of orientation. The
results show that in the lower molecular weight PDEB sample (Mw=31200) it is rather easy to get exclusively perpendicular “anomalous” orientation, with the molecular axes aligned transversely
to the stretching direction. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain 100% parallel “normal” orientation. On the contrary,
either type of orientation or a mixture of them can be easily developed for the higher molecular weight PDEB sample (Mw=102900). 相似文献
80.
We present a numerical study of the packing of uniform spheres under three-dimensional vibration using the discrete element method (DEM), focusing on the effects of vibration condition (amplitude and frequency) and inter-particle frictions (sliding and rolling frictions). The results are analysed in terms of packing density, coordination number (CN), radial distribution function (RDF) and pore structure. It is shown that increasing either the vibration amplitude or frequency causes packing density to increase initially to a maximum and then decrease. Both vibration frequency and amplitude should be considered to characterize the effect of vibration process on packing structure. The sliding and rolling frictions between particles can decrease packing density since they dissipate energy, although the effect of rolling friction is less significant. In line with the change of packing density, microstructural properties such as CN, RDF and pore distribution also change: a looser packing often corresponds to smaller CN, less peaked RDF and larger but more widely distributed pores. 相似文献