食源性抗氧化肽分离纯化方法研究进展

食源性抗氧化肽是以食用蛋白质为原料经过酶解制备的具有抗氧化活性的肽。近几年来,食源性抗氧化肽因为具有分子质量小、结构简单、易于人体吸收、抗氧化活性高、在不同环境条件下稳定性强等特点,逐渐成为一种安全有效的抗氧化剂。分离纯化是获得较纯的食源性抗氧化肽的重要的一步,本文综述了几种抗氧化肽的分离纯化的方法,分别介绍了大孔树脂法,膜分离技术,色谱法,毛细管电泳法,质谱法,阐述了其在提高食源性抗氧化肽纯度方面的优缺点。未来,食源性抗氧化肽的分离纯化将是食品科学领域发展的重要研究方向。     

基于可见/近红外光谱技术的便携分析仪的应用

目的为解决水果内部品质信息的快速无损检测,自主研制了一台基于可见/近红外光谱技术的便携式分析仪,通过试验验证其可行性及所建模型的鲁棒性。方法以红富士苹果为检测对象,采集透射光谱曲线,与化学指标可溶性固形物含量(soluble solid content,SSC)分别建立基于平均光谱、基于各采样光谱的偏最小二乘(partial least squares,PLS)回归模型,比较预测精度并对非同批次样本进行预测。结果试验表明该分析仪对苹果SSC具有较高的测量精度,特别是基于各采样光谱的PLS模型,对同批次样本预测相关系数(Rp)达到0.924,预测均方根误差低至0.429%Brix,预测精密度(平均偏差)低至0.136%Brix,对非同批次样本SSC表现出较强的鲁棒性能,预测均方根误差为0.531%Brix。结论通过此项研究,表明该便携分析仪可用于水果内部品质信息的定量分析,并建议采用基于各采样光谱建立的回归模型用于外来样本的预测。     

一种基于MI-Simba算法的香烟烟雾识别方法*

香烟烟雾对环境条件敏感以及多特征间存在冗余,都导致无法在视频监控中准确进行烟雾识别,因此提出一种高维互信息与Simba特征加权相结合的算法(MI-Simba).首先采用视频特征提取方法获取烟雾统计度量特征、颜色布局特征和动态特征,构建初始特征向量;然后利用MI-Simba算法进行自动更新,构建该环境下最优特征组合;最后采用直推式支持向量机进行分类识别.针对室内和楼宇内场景,自建封闭空间吸烟视频数据集,采用5倍交叉策略进行比较验证,实验结果验证该算法在识别率和灵敏度两方面的有效性和优越性.     

Laboratory testing the Anaconda

Laboratory measurements of the performance of the Anaconda are presented, a wave energy converter comprising a submerged water-filled distensible tube aligned with the incident waves. Experiments were carried out at a scale of around 1:25 with a 250 mm diameter and 7 m long tube, constructed of rubber and fabric, terminating in a linear power take-off of adjustable impedance. The paper presents some basic theory that leads to predictions of distensibility and bulge wave speed in a pressurized compound rubber and fabric tube, including the effects of inelastic sectors in the circumference, longitudinal tension and the surrounding fluid. Results are shown to agree closely with measurements in still water. The theory is developed further to provide a model for the propagation of bulges and power conversion in the Anaconda. In the presence of external water waves, the theory identifies three distinct internal wave components and provides theoretical estimates of power capture. For the first time, these and other predictions of the behaviour of the Anaconda, a device unlike almost all other marine systems, are shown to be in remarkably close agreement with measurements.     

Measurement of urine crystallites and its influencing factors by nanoparticle size analyzer

The difference of urine crystallites under 1000 nm in 10 patients with urolithiasis and 10 healthy subjects with no history of urolithiasis was comparatively studied with the nanoparticle size analyzer. By comparing the differences of intensity-autocorrelation curve, polydispersity index (PDI), Zeta potential, and relative error of average diameter of the two kinds of urine crystallites, it was concluded that the urine crystallites of healthy subjects were more stable than those of patients. The urine crystallites of healthy subjects had a narrower size distribution from 100 nm to 350 nm and a better dispersion (PDI < 0.3). However, the urine crystallites of patients with urolithiasis had a wider distribution from dozens of nanometers to 1000 nm and a worse dispersion (PDI > 0.5). The best processing method for urine crystallites detection was found: after antisepticising and protein-coagulating with formaldehyde, the urine was diluted with distilled water of the same volume, then filtrated through a micropore film of 3 microm, and the filtrate was centrifugalized at 4000 rpm for 15 minutes. This method can remove the cell fragments and macromolecular substances in the urine without affecting the detection of the urine crystallites under 1000 nm. The results were consistent with those obtained by transmission electron microscope (TEM).     

海洋平台地基基础变形破坏离心模拟和极限分析

吸力式基础是海洋平台的一种新型基础形式,具有承载力高、成本低、可重复使用和适应各种复杂的海洋荷载环境等优点,在近海滩涂和深海石油开发中有广泛的应用。针对中国近海地质条件和海洋环境开展吸力式基础承载特性的研究,研制了离心机上电磁式、长历时、大负载、宽频率范围激振器,实现了对结构施加循环水平动荷载。进行了一系列海洋平台吸力式基础离心模型试验,揭示了结构振动荷载作用下基础变形失稳机理,得到了荷载强度和结构刚度对基础稳定性的影响。提出了能够考虑竖向荷载、水平荷载和弯矩联合作用、基于塑性力学上限定理的桶基-地基的三维极限分析方法。     

273.15 K下四元体系Li+，Mg2+∥ Cl-，SO42——H2O相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了273.15 K下四元体系Li+,Mg2+∥Cl-,SO42--H2O的相平衡关系。测定了该体系各种盐类的溶解度及溶液密度, 并绘制相图。研究结果表明：273.15 K下四元体系Li+,Mg2+∥Cl-,SO42--H2O等温相图有5个单盐结晶区（Li2SO4·H2O,MgSO4·7H2O,LiCl·2H2O, LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O,MgCl2·6H2O）;7条单变量线和3个共饱点。与该体系下298.15 K相图相比,MgSO4·7H2O结晶区变大;Li2SO4·H2O和MgCl2·6H2O结晶区明显减小;LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O和LiCl·2H2O结晶区比较小,减小不明显。温度对硫酸盐结晶区的影响较大。     

TBM TES手套箱泄漏事故下氚浓度与通风关系研究

为了分析TBM TES室内通风是否能在手套箱发生氚泄漏时控制室内氚浓度在安全剂量值,采用Fluent对手套箱的氚泄漏和扩散进行模拟,得到不同通风下手套箱泄漏时的氚泄漏速率以及室内氚浓度分布,并对比分析了模拟数据与理论数据。结果表明TES手套箱泄漏速率为1.41×10~(-5)g/s和1.02×10~(-5)g/s时,分别为5次/h和8次/h的换气通风能控制室内氚浓度在安全剂量值2.0×10~(10)Bq/m~3内;而氚泄漏速率为1.56×10~(-5)g/s时,3次/h的换气通风不能控制室内氚浓度在安全剂量值内;模拟结果与理论结果相一致。结果为TES通风除氚设计提供了理论依据。     

Controllable synthesis and magnetic property of BiMn2O5 crystals

Uniform submicron BiMn₂O₅ particles were prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal route at low temperature. Bi(NO₃)₃, MnCl₂·4H₂O and KMnO₄ were used as starting materials; KOH as a pH adjustor and also as a mineralizer. Single-crystalline orthorhombic BiMn₂O₅ sample with controllable morphology was obtained. The microstructure strongly depends on the molar ratio of the starting materials, KOH concentration and reaction temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the existence of Mn⁴⁺ state. Magnetic measurement indicates Néel temperature T_N at 44 K. The susceptibility above T_N obeys the Curie-Weiss law, χ = C/(T − θ), with θ = −350 K. The effective paramagnetic moment μ_eff = 4.66 μ_B/Mn, demonstrating the coexistence of mixed Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ valences.     

纳米硒的研究进展及其在食药领域的应用

硒(selenium,Se)是一种人体必需的微量营养元素,适量的补充可增强体内含硒酶(如谷胱甘肽过氧化酶等)的活性,清除过量自由基,预防和治疗心脑血管疾病及癌症等。红色零价态的纳米硒(selenium nanoparticle with valence state of zero,Se⁰NPs)不仅兼具氧化还原的基本性质,还可以通过设计不同的表面修饰剂(如多糖、蛋白、生物活性物质等)参数调控Se⁰NPs的功能性质,因此在食品、药品以及化妆品领域具有广泛的应用前景,可作为营养补充剂、抗癌制剂、抑菌剂等。但是Se⁰NPs在应用的过程中会面临着多种加工条件,可能导致Se⁰NPs的失效或硒释放造成的毒性风险,需要引起关注。本文主要对纳米硒的研究现状、表面修饰剂种类、功能性质、生物活性及其应用情况进行了总结,并对其未来的研究与发展进行了展望。