Sharpening polycrystalline phase boundary for potassium sodium niobate ceramics with MnF2 modification

The influence of anion on structure and performance is unclear in potassium sodium niobate ((K,Na)NbO₃; KNN)-based ceramics, while cation doping has been widely researched. Here, the phase structure and electrical properties are explored in MnF₂-doped KNN ceramics. Significantly, sharp rhombohedral–orthorhombic (R–O) and orthorhombic–tetragonal (O–T) phase boundary as well as reduced diffusion degree is exhibited in the ceramics along with little changed phase transition temperatures due to the optimized F⁻ content at O site, which is different from that of cation replacement for A and B sites. Notably, the domain wall motion is facilitated due to the increased A vacancy and decreased O vacancy along with strengthened polarity, originating from the higher valence state and electronegativity of F⁻ with respect to O²⁻. And then, enhanced ferroelectricity is realized via MnF₂ modification, the piezoelectricity is elevated in turn. This work presents a new idea of anion doping for controlling structure and properties in perovskite materials.     

Post-processor development for a turning and milling composite machine tool

The accomplishment of a turning and five-axis milling in only one setup is extremely useful and is possible on a turning and milling composite machine tool. In this work, we present a control algorithm and develop a post-processor for this machine, which has six linear and three rotary axes. To calculate a generalized kinematics model, coordinate systems are established by analyzing the basic kinematic chain relation of the turning and milling composite machine tool. The two vectors, which control the motions of the cutter contact workpiece, are simultaneously transformed to provide the algorithms of the rotary angles and motion coordinate. A special post-processor written in JAVA language is developed according to the proposed algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed post-processor, a specimen (blade) is used in the cutting simulation and real machining experiment. Experimental results showed the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, Compatibility is improved by adding new functions such as change of target machine, cutter location data change, workpiece origin offset, and cutting feed rate control.     

电子陶瓷材料元素分析的前处理方法研究

陶瓷材料,由于其耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐磨等性能优异,在各行各业应用相当广泛。但也正是因为它的这些特性,在使用化学方法进行元素分析时,会遇到样品难以消解的问题,导致测试无法进行。文章重点研究电子元件中常用的三氧化二铝、氧化锆类陶瓷材料的消解方法,并介绍使用ICP-OES对消解完全的样品溶液进行元素分析的注意事项。     

Properties of ethylene–propylene copolymer/PA-1010 blends using ethylene–propylene copolymer-graft-acrylic acid as a compatibilizing agent

The modification of ethylene–propylene copolymer (EP) has been accomplished by radical initiators. The resulting EP-graft-acrylic acid (EP-g-AA) has been used to obtain ternary PA/EP/EP-g-AA blends by melt mixing. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy: the domain size of the EP-dispersed phase in the polyamide 1010 matrix of compatibilized blends decreased compared with that of uncompatibilized blends. It is found that EP-g-AA used as the third component has a profound effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting blends. This behavior has been attributed to serious chemical interactions taking place between the two components. Thermal analysis shows that some thermal properties of PA in compatibilized PA/EP/EP-g-AA changed because of chemical reactions taken place during the blending process. Wide angle x-ray diffraction measurements also confirmed this result. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

离子交换法处理线路板厂含铜废水工艺的优化

对某线路板厂含铜废水处理装置的离子交换柱再生工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明,当再生液流量为2000L/h,再生剂质量分数为8.5%时,每次交换出的总铜量达26.1～29.0 kg;采用再生液二次利用工艺时,每次交换出的总铜量为18.5～21.3 kg,废再生液Cu2 质量浓度上升到20g/L,可节约再生剂用量,并有利于铜的回收.     

硬脂酸改性碳酸钙的效果表征与改性机理初探

介绍了吸油率法直接表征碳酸钙改性效果的方法。与钛酸酯偶联剂相比,硬脂酸改性碳酸钙的用量高于前者。硬脂酸改性处理的碳酸钙经三氯甲烷萃取后,改性效果基本不变,这一结果初步表明硬脂酸与碳酸钙之问的作用属于化学结合而非物理吸附。     

嵌入式桩基动测系统的设计

文中利用嵌入式技术带来的可裁剪性、便携性、低功耗等特点,研究用于反射波法测桩仪的数据采集硬件电路及其数据处理软件.首先对影响测桩仪性能的结构进行分析,然后分别从硬件和软件方面介绍系统涉及的关键技术及设计的框架,最后说明改进性能的建议方案.     

Optimization of PGNAA device and algorithm for testing basicity index of sinter mixture

Sinter is the main raw material in the blast fur-nace iron-making process, and basicity (CaO/SiO2) is an important quality index of sinter. Prompt gamma neutron...     

压水堆燃料包壳破损条件下裂变气体非稳态释放数值模拟研究

压水堆燃料包壳破损后,芯块-包壳间隙内积累的裂变气将释放到冷却剂中,其内部的微观机理还尚不清楚。为了揭示裂变气体释放过程中冷却剂与气体的相互作用规律,基于三维计算流体力学（CFD）方法对该物理过程展开数值模拟,所利用的模型为VOF模型以及k-ε模型。模拟结果表明,包壳破损后冷却剂首先进入芯块-包壳间隙,在芯块-包壳间隙内蒸发,引起芯块-包壳间隙内压强上升,而后裂变气体释放到子通道;裂变气体从芯块-包壳间隙释放到子通道可分为2个阶段。第一阶段:芯块-包壳间隙与子通道间压差较大,气体射流进入子通道,该阶段持续时间较短,裂变气体释放率较大,且变化也较大。第二阶段:芯块-包壳间隙与子通道间压差较小且相对平稳,裂变气体通过破口内涡的对流传质进入子通道,该阶段持续时间较短,裂变气体释放率较小,且相对稳定。