Multipath optical thermometry realized in CaSc2O4: Yb3+/Er3+ with high sensitivity and superior resolution

Design and fabrication of contactless optical thermometer with rapid and accurate performance has become a research hotspot in recent years. Herein, CaSc₂O₄: Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ is employed as the intermediary for temperature sensing under the excitation of 980 nm, which is proven to afford an ultra-sensitive and high-resolution optical thermometry in multiple ways based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology. The optimal thermal sensing behaviors are realized by the FIR of Er³⁺:²H_11/2 → ⁴I_15/2 to ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2 transition, which has a relative sensitivity of 1184/T² and a minimal resolution of 0.03 K along with a maximal absolute error of 0.96 K. Besides that, the FIR between the thermally coupled Stark sublevels of Er³⁺:⁴F_9/2 manifold (FIR_R) as well as that of Er³⁺: ⁴I_13/2 manifold (FIR_N) can also provide excellent optical thermometry. The relative sensitivity of FIR_R-based and FIR_N-based optical thermometers are calculated to be 402/T² and 366/T², respectively, with a same minimal resolution of 0.09 K, which possess the potential to be used for biomedicine due to the inherent advantage of their operating wavelengths located in the biological window. The results demonstrate that CaSc₂O₄: Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ is a promising candidate for temperature sensing with multipath, high sensitivity, and superior resolution.     

Sintering behaviors and properties of porous ceramics derived from artificially cultured diatom frustules

Bimodal porous ceramics with high strength have been fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy utilizing artificially cultured diatom frustules (DFs). The effect of sintering temperature on thermal behaviors, phase transition, and pore structures features of DFs-based porous ceramics is investigated between 800 and 1200°C. The phase evolution of DFs powders is investigated with thermal analysis (DIL and DSC-TG). Phase transition behaviors analyzed with XRD, Raman, and FT-IR spectra confirm the transformation of quartz into cristobalite phases occurs under 1050°C. Sintering under 950°C could bind DFs powders tightly into high strength porous ceramics while maintain the multilayer pore structures simultaneously, having porosity of 56.4%, compressive strength of 15.0 MPa and surface area of 50.9 m²/g, respectively. Slit-shaped microstructures and mesopores (2-50 nm) are observed in DFs-based porous ceramics sintered under 1050°C. Collapse and blockage of pore structures as well as partial fusion of DFs particles happened at the temperature of 1100°C, indicating the presence of diminished multilayers and particle agglomeration.     

Synthesis and characterization of eugenol-based silicone modified waterborne polyurethane with excellent properties

A eugenol-based silicone-containing monomer 4,4′-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane-1,3-dipropyl)bis-2-methoxyphenol(EUSi) was synthesized from eugenol and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane via the hydrosilylation reaction. And waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with excellent properties was obtained by using EUSi as a type of diol chain extender. The unique combination of rigidity and flexibility in the chemical structure of EUSi greatly facilitated the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and water resistance of WPU. With only a 3% dosage of EUSi, the maximum tensile strength was increased from 6.2 to 22.4 MPa, while the water absorption was decreased from 31.3% to a surprisingly 7.6%. Our work provides a new convenient strategy for the preparation of organosilicon-modified WPU with improved performance.     

VIENNA整流器的重复控制实现

VIENNA整流器应用非常广泛,有着很高的研究价值,如何抑制其电流谐波是控制设计的难点之一.在诸多控制方法中,比例谐振以及重复控制是较为突出的方法,而重复控制在抑制谐波方面,较比例谐振控制在控制器的结构上有着更为简单、便于实现的优势.针对VIENNA整流器比例积分(PI)重复控制的设计进行了分析.从理论上分析了其较单PI控制的优劣,从便于工程实现角度出发,介绍了重复控制应用于VIENNA整流器完整的设计步骤,并且通过实际应用验证了该方案的有效性.     

基于生产经营状态识别的低误报率窃电检测二次筛查方法

数据驱动的窃电检测方法主要根据电量及派生指标识别低电量异常,容易受干扰影响误报。利用工商业用户生产经营状态指标大致固定的特点,提出基于生产经营状态识别的窃电二次筛查方法。首先,将检出的低电量异常用户每天的三相功率作为负荷特征,用以标识其当天的用电行为模式及生产经营状态。然后,将每天的负荷特征进行近邻传播聚类。当低电量异常时段负荷特征与正常低电量生产经营状态聚为同类时,认为是用户状态正常转换导致的异常,可排除窃电嫌疑。基于实际窃电数据的测试表明,所提方法可降低误报率。     

Moire Patterns of θ''''Precipitates in Al-Cu Alloy

A θ＇precipitate in an Al-Cu alloy was imaged.Its Moire patterns shown by TEM were discussed.     

RuO2含量对Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／RuO2＋PbO2阳极性台皂的影响

采用热分解法制备了以钛为基体、SnO2＋Sb2O3为中间层、RuO2＋PbO2为活性层的Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／RuO2＋PbO2电极。应用极化曲线法和循环伏安法测定不同RuO2含量下电极在25℃，0．5mol／LH2SO4溶液中的电催化活性。实验结果表明，随着RuO2含量的增加，相同电极电位下的电流密度增大；相同的扫描速率下，RuO2含量增加，电极的伏安电荷值增加，即电极的电催化活性随着RuO2含量的增加而增加。在1．0mol／LH2SO4溶液中，60℃、电流密度为2．0A／cm^2条件下，电极寿命快速检测结果表明，Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／RuO2＋PbO2电极的寿命随RuO2含量的增加而下降；但与不加有SnO2＋Sb2O3中间层的Ti／RuO2＋PbO2电极相比，电极寿命则显著增加。RuO2的含量还对电极的表面形貌有明显的影响。     

钢中夹杂物在镦粗过程中的运动行为

在镦粗变形中金属的流动行为不仅影响变形抗力的大小，而且会影响变形工艺设计的准确性。目前，在钢的镦粗试验方法中，关于金属夹杂物流动问题的有限元分析法尚不完善，本文提供了由试验得到的金属夹杂物流动行为的资料。试验证明，在镦粗过程中金属的流动并不是有限元解出的变形单元的连续移动。     

Dislocation Structures in a BulkPb－doped Bi－SrCa－Cu－O High Temperature Superconductor

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两种简化的侧凹抽芯机构

对于制品的内侧凹 ,在采用滑块、斜摆杆等一般抽芯机构较难实现时 ,通过改变抽芯机构的动作和复位形式 ,设计出两种简化的侧凹抽芯机构 ,并且制造方便,缩短了加工周期 ,实践证明该机构可有效地完成抽芯动作。