无汞锌锰电池研制

本文从无汞电池的电性能、防漏性能、贮存性能的测试数据得出如下结论:使用PA6有机缓蚀剂代替汞,再结合阴极配方的改进和原材料的选择,可以制得性能与有汞电池相当的无汞R6(?)纸板电池。     

水合三氯乙醛前体物的分子量分布和荧光特性

运用超滤分离技术将水合三氯乙醛前体物含量最高的夏季水样中溶解性有机物分为四个部分,采用三维激发发射矩阵荧光光谱对不同分子量有机物组分进行表征,并对20种氨基酸、牛血清白蛋白等模式化合物进行氯化试验,以找出水合三氯乙醛的主要前体物成分。结果表明MW＜1 kDa的水合三氯乙醛生成势含量最高,为24．81μg/L,其次为10 kDa＜MW＜0．45μm （17．49μg/L）、3 kDa＜MW＜10 kDa （8．16μg/L）和1 kDa＜MW＜3 kDa （5．50μg/L）,其中MW＜1 kDa和10 kDa＜MW＜0．45μm两部分有机物占水合三氯乙醛前体物含量的75．55％。三维激发发射矩阵荧光光谱结果表明水合三氯乙醛的主要前体物可能为类芳香性蛋白质和类微生物代谢产物等物质而非类富里酸和类腐殖酸。丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、牛血清白蛋白、鲱鱼精DNA等模式化合物是水合三氯乙醛主要前体物,其水合三氯乙醛生成量均大于30μg/mg C。     

Double-walled carbon nanotubes: challenges and opportunities

Double-walled carbon nanotubes are coaxial nanostructures composed of exactly two single-walled carbon nanotubes, one nested in another. This unique structure offers advantages and opportunities for extending our knowledge and application of the carbon nanomaterials family. This review seeks to comprehensively discuss the synthesis, purification and characterization methods of this novel class of carbon nanomaterials. An emphasis is placed on the double wall physics that contributes to these structures' complex inter-wall coupling of electronic and optical properties. The debate over the inner-tube photoluminescence provides an interesting illustration of the rich photophysics and challenges associated with the myriad combinations of the inner and outerwall chiralities. Outerwall selective covalent chemistry will be discussed as a potential solution to the unattractive tradeoff between solubility and functionality that has limited some applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Finally, we will review the many different uses of double-walled carbon nanotubes and provide an overview of several promising research directions in this new and emerging field.     

紫外分光光度法测定水中总氮的改进消解方法

采用碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法测定水中的总氮时,分别用电热恒温干燥箱和压力蒸汽灭菌器消解试样,对测定得到的总氮标准曲线和实际水样中总氮的含量进行了对比.结果表明,与压力蒸汽灭菌器消解方法相比,电热恒温干燥箱消解法操作简便、温度容易控制,节约了大量蒸馏水,且测定结果准确.此方法能够替代传统的水样预处理方法,在满足试验...     

三维电极-铁炭微电解法组合工艺处理黄连素废水

该文研究了三维电极-铁炭微电解复合法对难降解有机物黄连素模拟废水的处理.结果表明三维电极电解技术对黄连素具有较高的脱色效果,在最佳处理条件下黄连素废水脱色率为95％,而COD的去除率仅为38.5％.三维电极与铁炭微电解法复合处理,则可以明显提高黄连素模拟废水COD去除率和废水的可生化性.在最佳条件下COD去除率达到72...     

The role of surface charge density in cationic liposome-promoted dendritic cell maturation and vaccine-induced immune responses

Cationic liposomes have emerged as a novel adjuvant and antigen delivery system to enhance vaccine efficacy. However, the role of surface charge density in cationic liposome-regulated immune responses has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we prepared a series of DOTAP/DOPC cationic liposomes with different surface densities by incorporating varying amounts of DOPC (a neutral lipid) into DOTAP (a cationic lipid). The results showed that DOTAP/DOPC cationic liposome-regulated immune responses relied on the surface charge density, and might occur through ROS signaling. The liposomes with a relatively high charge density, such as DOTAP/DOPC 5:0 and 4:1 liposomes, potently enhanced dendritic cell maturation, ROS generaion, antigen uptake, as well as the production of OVA-specific IgG2a and IFN-γ. In contrast, low-charge liposomes, such as DOTAP/DOPC 1:4 liposome, failed to promote immune responses even at high concentrations, confirming that the immunoregulatory effect of cationic liposomes is mostly attributable to their surface charge density. Moreover, the DOTAP/DOPC 1:4 liposome suppressed anti-OVA antibody responses in vivo. Overall, maintaining an appropriate surface charge is crucial for optimizing the adjuvant effect of cationic liposomes and enhancing the efficacy of liposome-based vaccines.     

Modulation of Ca Signals by Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons

Green tea has been receiving considerable attention as a possible neuroprotective agent against neurodegenerative disease. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major compound of green tea. Calcium signaling has profound effects on almost all aspects of neuronal function. Using digital calcium imaging and patch-clamp technique, we determined the effects of EGCG on Ca(2+) signals in hippocampal neurons. The results indicated that EGCG caused a dose-dependent increase in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)). This [Ca(2+)](i) increase was blocked by depleting intracellular Ca(2+) stores with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid. Furthermore, EGCG-stimulated increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was abolished following treatment with a PLC inhibitor. However, EGCG inhibited high-voltage activated Ca(2+) currents (I(HVA)) and NMDA-induced inward currents (I(NMDA)). These data suggest that EGCG triggers a cascade of events: it activates phospholipase C (PLC), mobilizes intracellular Ca(2+) stores, raises the cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, and inhibits the VGCC and NMDA receptors-mediated Ca(2+) influx through a process that remains to be determined.     

Synthesis and characterisation of microencapsulated 7‐alkyloxy‐4‐trifluoromethylcoumarin dyes

Five new 7‐alkyloxy‐4‐trifluoromethylcoumarin fluorescent dyes were synthesised using the Pechmann and Williamson etherification reactions. The structures of these coumarin dyes were characterised by Fourier Transform–infrared, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra. One of the new coumarin compounds, 7‐isopropyloxy‐4‐trifluoromethylcoumarin, was microencapsulated with melamine–formaldehyde as the shell material by in situ polymerisation. The microcapsules were characterised in terms of Fourier Transform–infrared spectrum, particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy morphology. The cotton fabric finished with the microencapsulated coumarin dye showed strong fluorescence under ultraviolet light.     

Fabrication of exfoliated graphene-based polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties

Despite the great potential of graphene as the nanofiller, to achieve homogeneous dispersion remains the key challenge for effectively reinforcing the polymer. Here, we report an eco-friendly strategy for fabricating the polymer nanocomposites with well-dispersed graphene sheets in the polymer matrix via first coating graphene using polypropylene (PP) latex and then melt-blending the coated graphene with PP matrix. A ～75% increase in yield strength and a ～74% increase in the Young’s modulus of PP are achieved by addition of only 0.42 vol% of graphene due to the effective external load transfer. The glass transition temperature of PP is enhanced by ～2.5 °C by incorporating only 0.041 vol% graphene. The thermal oxidative stability of PP is also remarkably improved with the addition of graphene, for example, compared with neat PP, the initial degradation temperature is enhanced by 26 °C at only 0.42 vol% of graphene loading.     

依托优势学科建设提高有机化学实验教学效果的改革探索

有机化学实验教学是化学、化学工程与工艺等专业教育的重要组成部分,要培养高素质、高能力的具创新性的应用型人才,提高实验教学质量势在必行。依托江苏省化学工程与技术优势学科建设,作者就优化实验内容、实验教学方法和提高实验教学管理等方面做了一些尝试,以求提高有机化学实验教学质量,获得最佳的实验教学效果。