UTSA-280 metal–organic framework incorporated 6FDA-polyimide mixed-matrix membranes for ethylene/ethane separation

Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), judiciously combining processability of polymer and remarkable separation performance of nanofillers, have been extensive pursuits for molecular separation process. Permeability matching between filler and polymer is one of the necessary requisites to desirable mixed-matrix effect. Considering the superior molecular sieving effect of UTSA-280 metal-organic frameworks on C₂H₄ and C₂H₆, here, we report two types of UTSA-280/6FDA-polyimide MMMs toward C₂H₄/C₂H₆ separation. The molecular sieving effect of UTSA-280 endowed 6FDA-DAM:DABA(3:2) membrane with simultaneous improvements in C₂H₄ permeability and C₂H₄/C₂H₆ selectivity. Optimally, when the filler reached 21.80 wt%, C₂H₄ permeability and C₂H₄/C₂H₆ selectivity was increased to 6.49 Barrer (by 15%) and 4.94 (by 32%), respectively. On the contrary, UTSA-280/6FDA-DAM MMMs showed undesirable mixed-matrix effect that C₂H₄ permeability decreased meanwhile C₂H₄/C₂H₆ selectivity nearly kept at polymeric pristine membrane level. It was found that permeability matching between two phases was responsible to these opposite mixed-matrix effects. More specifically, UTSA-280 had a relatively low gas permeability so that it required a less permeable polymeric matrix like 6FDA-DAM:DABA(3:2) to exert its molecular sieving effect. Furthermore, the optimal-matching 6FDA-matrix in permeability with UTSA-280 fillers was predicted by theoretical model. This work not only reports improving C₂H₄/C₂H₆ separation performance via mixed-matrix formulation, but also emphasizes the importance of permeability matching between polymer and filler to realize the mixed-matrix effect.     

A segment probability method for calculating the molecular weight distributions of linear polycondensates in a continuous reactor

The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polymers is a target of the optimization and control of industrial polymerization processes, as it dictates the processability and properties of polymers. A method, named as segment probability method, is developed to calculate the MWD of polycondensates produced by monomers of types A₂ and B₂ in a continuous reactor. It considers a growing chain as being composed of A and B segments in the middle of the chain and two terminal segments at the chain ends. It calculates the propagation probabilities of these different types of segments upon taking into account both the polycondensation and side reaction kinetics as well as the residence time distribution of the continuous reactor. The method is validated by poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) obtained from an industrial polymerization process composed of a continuous esterification reactor. The MWDs of the PBT calculated by this method are in agreement with those measured by size exclusion chromatography with mean square errors less than 10%.     

微通道反应器中工业混合直链烷基苯磺酸盐的连续合成工艺研究

直链烷基苯磺酸是一种重要的阴离子表面活性剂,由其合成的直链烷基苯磺酸盐是价格低廉的表面活性剂之一,广泛应用于洗涤和三次采油等领域。以某煤制油企业的工业混合烯烃生产的直链烷基苯为原料,在微通道反应器中连续合成直链烷基苯磺酸,考察磺化温度、原料摩尔比以及磺化剂浓度等工艺条件对磺酸产物的影响规律,并与纯十六烷基苯磺化规律进行对比。研究发现混合直链烷基苯磺化过程中各个工艺条件对产品收率的影响较大。在反应温度为50℃,SO₃与LAB摩尔比为1.0∶1,停留时间为5.09 s条件下,最终产品中活性物含量可达到94.5%(质量)。同时,设计并搭建了微反应器小试平台,实现连续合成混合烷基苯磺酸盐,磺酸盐产品收率在90%以上,可为该工艺的工业应用提供技术支持。     

国际化妆品监管模式对比分析与启示

研究美国、欧盟、日本和中国化妆品监管模式的异同,借鉴国外化妆品监管模式的先进经验,为促进中国化妆品监管创新,寻找更多的新方法、新工具、新标准、新制度,推进化妆品治理体系和治理能力的现代化提供参考。采用文献研究法和对比分析法,通过相关文献和网站等查找化妆品监管模式相关文件,对美国、欧盟、日本和中国四个国家地区化妆品的定义、监管部门、法律法规、相关社会组织及监管方法等方面进行对比分析。美国和欧盟监管体系较为成熟完备,监管模式又有各自不同的特点,日本和中国都向美欧接轨。欧盟采用市场主导模式,实施化妆品责任人制度和备案制度,相对弱化目前生产准入的事前监管,强化事中事后的政府监管,行业协会制定标准和规范行业自律等作用都处于世界领先水平。     

纤维混杂对超高性能混凝土性能影响试验研究

利用钢纤维、碳纤维及膨胀剂等制备超高性能混凝土,测试评估材料的工作性、力学性能、收缩和耐久性能及微观结构。研究表明,碳纤维替代钢纤维量1.0‰时工作性及力学性能最佳,28 d抗压与抗折强度可以达到182.9 MPa与60.9 MPa;膨胀剂4.0%掺量下效果较好,90 d膨胀率基本稳定在2?左右;水化产物微观结构致密,120 d碳化满足T-Ⅳ等级,抗硫酸盐等级大于KS60,动弹模量54.21 GPa,耐久性好。     

胶凝材料对地质聚合物混凝土的 抗冻融循环性能的影响

地质聚合物混凝土（GPC）能最大限度地减少自然资源的消耗。粉煤灰和矿粉的配合比对于GPC的性能具有较大影响。本研究制备了普通硅酸盐混凝土（OPC）、全粉煤灰配方及部分矿粉代替FA制备的地质聚合物混凝土GPC-0、GPC-10、GPC-20、GPC-30（矿粉：0、10%、20%和30%）,对比不同GPC的冻融后的性能,即重量变化,抗压强度损失,相对动态弹性模量损失。结果表明：矿粉含量最高的GPC-30的质量损失率小和抗压强度高,远优于其他地质聚合物混凝土。利用共振频率测试（RFT）的无损检测方法测定动态弹性模量,表明矿粉基比全粉煤灰CPC具有更好的抗冻融性。粉煤灰的含量越高,矿粉的含量越低,养护制备出的混凝土的力学性能退化就越大,并得出GPC的实用性能以及不同比例配方,这为今后的试验和工程应用提供数据和理论支持。     

复配食品膨松剂中铝的检测

复配食品膨松剂中的铝元素污染是目前食品产品中铝元素超标的主要原因之一.本文建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定复配食品膨松剂中铝的含量.该方法前处理简便、灵敏度高、精密度好,检出限为0.0081 mg/kg,定量限为0.027 mg/kg,可以满足日常检测需求.     

The Effects of Magnetic Treatment on the Tribological Behavior of AISI 1045 Steel under Lubricated Conditions

The mechanical and tribological properties of pulse-magnetized and untreated AISI 1045 steel were studied comparatively. The microhardness and microstructures of treated and untreated steel samples were analyzed to evaluate magnetic treatment effects on the mechanical properties. Dislocation densities were calculated from X-ray diffraction data according to the Williamson-Hall method. Tribological tests were conducted using a ball-on-disk reciprocating friction and wear tester. Scanning electron and energy-dispersive microscopies were used to analyze the morphologies and elements of worn surfaces. Dislocation densities of AISI 1045 steel were found to increase by 16.5% after magnetic treatment. Treated steel performed better under polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oil lubrication with each of five additives, especially when oleic acid was 0.2 and 1.5% (by mass), and the wear scar width and friction coefficient of treated samples were 46.9 and 16.4% lower than those of the untreated samples, respectively. Morphological analyses indicated that micromagnetic fields generated during friction tests not only promoted oxidation of the worn surface and debris but also produced thinner tribofilms that included chemical and adsorbed films.     

精密注塑机合模装置肘杆机构的磨损研究

分析全电动精密注塑机合模装置肘杆机构磨损的特点,建立其磨损计算模型,推导出磨损寿命计算公式,并分析各参数对磨损寿命的影响。结果表明,肘杆机构的磨损主要发生在销轴与轴套的摩擦界面,磨损寿命与摩擦界面材料硬度、当量弹性模量、磨损常数、作用载荷以及销轴与轴套的结构参数等均有关系,且磨损规律与常规摩擦副有明显不同:销轴与轴套的间隙大小对磨损寿命有很大影响,销轴半径大小则对磨损寿命几乎没有影响,磨损寿命与合模力大小成幂函数关系。