基于IF-AD-ELM的特高压直流输电系统故障辨识

针对现有的特高压直流(ultra high voltage direct current, UHVDC)输电系统故障检测方法灵敏度低、难以识别高阻接地故障的问题,提出了一种基于整数因子(integer factor, IF)-近似导数(approximate derivative, AD)和极限学习机(extreme learning machine, ELM)的特高压直流输电系统故障辨识方法。其中整数因子用于分析不同采样频率下的信号,近似导数法用于获得信号不同程度的细节系数。首先,基于不同的整数因子对信号进行下采样,并利用近似导数法对所得信号求一阶、二阶和三阶近似导数。其次,分别计算各个子信号的熵特征。然后,用基于交叉验证的递归特征消除(recursive feature elimination with cross validation, RFECV)算法对得到的一系列特征进行特征筛选,并结合ELM对特高压直流输电系统进行故障辨识。最后,在Matlab/Simulink环境中搭建了±800 kV的UHVDC系统模型,模拟不同故障类型。实验结果表明,所提方法在识别特高压直流输电系统不同类型故障时有更高的准确率,且耐受过渡电阻能力强。     

Identifying the Origin of Ti3+ Activity toward Enhanced Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction over TiO2 Nanoparticles Modulated by Mixed-Valent Copper

The ambient electrocatalytic N₂ reduction reaction (NRR) enabled by TiO₂ has attracted extensive recent attention. Previous studies suggest the formation of Ti³⁺ in TiO₂ can significantly improve the NRR activity, but it still remains unclear what kinds of Ti³⁺ are effective. Herein, it is demonstrated that mixed-valent Cu acts as an effective dopant to modulate the oxygen vacancy (V_O) concentration and Ti³⁺ formation, which markedly improves the electrocatalytic NRR performance. In 0.5 m LiClO₄, this electrocatalyst attains a high Faradic efficiency of 21.99% and a large NH₃ yield of 21.31 µg h⁻¹ mg_cat.⁻¹ at –0.55 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, which even surpasses most reported Ti-based NRR electrocatalysts. Using density function theory calculations, it is evidenced that mixed-valent Cu ions modulate the TiO₂ (101) surface with multiple oxygen vacancies, which is beneficial for generating different Ti³⁺ 3d¹ defect states localized below the Fermi energy. N₂ activation and adsorption are effectively strengthened when Ti³⁺ 3d¹ defect states present the splitting of e_g and t_2g orbitals, which can be modulated by its coordination structure. The synergistic roles of the three ion pairs formed by the V_O defect, including Cu¹⁺–Ti⁴⁺, Ti³⁺–Ti⁴⁺ and Ti³⁺–Ti³⁺, are together responsible for the enhanced NRR performance.     

植物多酚在消减牛乳蛋白致敏性作用中的研究进展

牛乳蛋白过敏是主要由IgE介导的病理性免疫反应,在易感体质婴幼儿群体中有较高的发生风险。当前消除牛乳蛋白致敏性的技术手段包括热处理、高压处理、酶水解、糖基化修饰等,但这些方法可能会降低蛋白的营养功能价值、或产生不良风味。植物多酚作为一种来源广泛的植物次级代谢产物,具有抗衰老、抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化等多重生物学活性。多酚对蛋白质等大分子物质有显著的亲和作用,能通过共价和非共价结合方式有效降低不同食物蛋白的致敏性。本文主要阐述酚-蛋白互作关系对牛乳致敏性的影响及其相关作用机制,并提出研究设想,为新型低致敏乳制品的开发工作提供思路和理论参考。     

电致变色灵巧窗的设计与研制

从电致变色器件的工作原理出发，对电致变色灵巧窗的基本结构和各层材料的作用进行分析和讨论，对组成灵巧窗的各层薄膜材料进行研究和制备，并研制了性能优良的ＩＴＯ／ＷＯ３／ＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ／ＮｉＯ／ＩＴＯ以及ＩＴＯ／ＮｉＯ／ＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ／ＩＴＯ结构的半固态灵巧窗和ＩＴＯ／ＷＯ３／ＬｉＮｂＯ３／ＮｉＯ／ＩＴＯ结构的全固态灵巧窗。     

Understanding the design and economics of distributed tri-generation systems for home and neighborhood refueling—Part I: Single family residence case studies

The potential benefits of hydrogen as a transportation fuel will not be achieved until hydrogen vehicles capture a substantial market share. However, although hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) technology has been making rapid progress, the lack of a hydrogen infrastructure remains a major barrier for FCV adoption and commercialization. The high cost of building an extensive hydrogen station network and the foreseeable low utilization in the near term discourages private investment. Based on the past experience of fuel infrastructure development for motor vehicles, innovative, distributed, small-volume hydrogen refueling methods may be required to refuel FCVs in the near term. Among small-volume refueling methods, home and neighborhood tri-generation systems (systems that produce electricity and heat for buildings, as well as hydrogen for vehicles) stand out because the technology is available and has potential to alleviate consumer's fuel availability concerns. In addition, it has features attractive to consumers such as convenience and security to refuel at home or in their neighborhood.The objective of this paper is to provide analytical tools for various stakeholders such as policy makers, manufacturers and consumers, to evaluate the design and the technical, economic, and environmental performances of tri-generation systems for home and neighborhood refueling. An interdisciplinary framework and an engineering/economic model is developed and applied to assess home tri-generation systems for single family residences (case studies on neighborhood systems will be provided in a later paper). Major tasks include modeling yearly system operation, exploring the optimal size of a system, estimating the cost of electricity, heat and hydrogen, and system CO₂ emissions, and comparing the results to alternatives. Sensitivity analysis is conducted, and the potential impacts of uncertainties in energy prices, capital cost reduction (or increase), government incentives and environmental cost are evaluated. Policy implications of the modeling results are also explored.     

集中质量对柔性空间机器人振动特性的影响

首先,利用空间柔性转子梁单元的动力学模型,定性分析了集中质量对柔性机器人的动态响应及固有频率的影响。然后,借助于一个空间四杆机器人的实例分析和讨论,说明了集中质量在空间柔性机器人的动力学分析和设计中的重要作用。     

基于光流的无人机自主着陆控制策略

为解决无人机自主导航过程中自主着陆时难以满足特征识别条件的问题,提出一种基于光流的高度估计及自主着陆控制策略.依据无人机高度和垂直速度的关系,建立状态空间模型,通过模拟着陆,采用小扰动线性化系统模型,分析在恒定光流散度着陆过程中自激振荡的发生.仿真结果表明:控制增益给定的情况下,控制回路的稳定性仅取决于对地高度,当接近地面时,控制回路出现自激振荡,此时机载设备可以检测到震荡,并计算出高度.     

Microstructure and electrical conductivity of La0.9Sr0.1 Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 composite electrolytes for SOFCs

(100-x) wt.% La_0.9Sr_0.1 Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.85 - x wt.% Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 (x = 0, 5, 10, 20) electrolytes were prepared by solid-state reaction. The composition, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of the samples were investigated. At 300 ~ 600°C, the pure La_0.9Sr_0.1 Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.85 electrolyte has a higher conductivity compared to the composite electrolytes, but at 650 ~ 800°C the 95 wt.% La_0.9Sr_0.1 Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.85 - 5 wt.% Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 composite electrolyte presents the highest conductivity, reaching 0.035 S cm⁻¹ at 800°C. The cell performances based on La_0.9Sr_0.1 Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.85-Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 electrolytes were measured using Sr₂CoMoO₆-La_0.9Sr_0.1 Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.85 as anode and Sr₂Co_0.9Mn_0.1NbO₆ -La_0.9Sr_0.1 Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.85 as cathode, respectively. At 800°C, the measured open-circuit voltages are higher than 1.08 V, and the maximum power density and current density of the fuel cell prepared with 95 wt.% La_0.9Sr_0.1 Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.85 - 5 wt.% Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 electrolyte reach 192 mW cm⁻² and 720 mA cm⁻², respectively.     

ATP合酶β亚基功能与疾病

ATP合酶,又称F1F0-ATP合成酶,是位于线粒体内膜、叶绿体类囊体膜和光合菌质膜上的参与呼吸链氧化磷酸化的最后环节。其结构包含F1和F0两个亚单位,共同作用于ATP的分解和合成。ATP合酶β亚基是F1F0-ATP合成酶F1亚单位的重要组件,该亚基包含ATP合成和水解所需的催化位点,其功能好坏与疾病发生直接相关。本文就ATP合酶β亚基功能与糖尿病、肿瘤、肥胖症等疾病的关系作一综述。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ε-Phase-Reinforced ZnAl4Y Matrix Composite Prepared by Mixed Solid-Liquid Casting

ε-Phase-reinforced ZnAl4Y matrix composite has been fabricated by mixed solid-liquid casting method. The results show that the size of primary η-Zn phase in the composite decreases remarkably with the increase of adding amount of Cu-10wt.%Al powders till it reaches 6.0 wt.% in ZnAl4Y alloy. Besides, a large amount of small ε-phase particles form in ZnAl4Y matrix when the adding amount of Cu-10wt.%Al powders is in the range of 4.0-6.0 wt.% in ZnAl4Y alloy. Coarse ε-phase particles forms when the adding amount of Cu-10wt.%Al powders exceeds 8.0 wt.% in ZnAl4Y alloy. Compared with ZnAl4Y alloy, the composite could obtain optimal mechanical properties when the added amount of Cu-10wt.%Al powders is 6.0 wt.%.