环氧SBS开环制备顺酐化离聚体及其物化性能的研究

利用环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（ESBS）的环氧基与顺丁烯二酸氢钾（HKM）在相转移催化剂和开环催化剂存在的条件下开环反应制得钾离聚体。研究了其反应条件，由于添加了助剂BM，环氧基开环率达到了95．2％，并用FTIR确定了离聚体的生成；通过对不同环氧值ESBS开环反应，研究了不同离子基团质量摩尔浓度对离聚体物化性能的影响。     

A growth mark method for studying growth mechanism of carbon nanotube arrays

A novel and simple growth mark method was developed to make marks during the growth process of carbon nanotube arrays. These marks can be read out under scanning electron microscope or optical microscope. Based on this method, the growth rates at different temperatures and under different acetylene partial pressures were measured, from which the activation energy and the order of reaction were determined. Based on our experimental results, the growth of carbon nanotube arrays in our experimental condition could not be diffusion-limited. The measured activation energy could possibly be attributed to the heterogeneous decomposition of acetylene over the catalyst particle. Furthermore the marked array with special segmental structure may be found some applications in the future.     

Preparation and characterization of a proton‐exchange membrane by the radiation grafting of styrene onto polytetrafluoroethylene films

Radiation‐induced simultaneous grafting of styrene onto polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films and the subsequent sulfonation in the chlorosulfonic acid/dichloroethane were investigated. The effects of the main radiation grafting conditions, such as the type of solvents, irradiation dose, dose rate, the styrene concentrations, etc., on the degree of grafting (DOG) were studied. To elucidate the influence of both the grafting and sulfonation conditions on the properties of the PTFE‐g‐polystyrene‐sulfonic acid (PSSA) membranes, the sulfonation conditions, including the sulfonation temperature and the concentration of the ClSO₃H with respect to the DOG, were systematically evaluated. The grafted and sulfonated membranes were characterized by FTIR–ATR spectra, ion‐exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, thickness measurement, etc. The as‐prepared PTFE‐g‐PSSA membranes in this work showed a good combination of a high IEC (0.85–2.75 meq g^?1), acceptable water uptake (8.86–56.9 wt %), low thickness, and volume expansion and/or contraction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1415–1428, 2006     

Electrochemical micromachining using a solid electrochemical reaction at the metal/β″-Al2O3 microcontact

A simple solid state technique for electrochemical micromachining of metal substrates using a metal ion conductor (Na-β″-Al₂O₃) was proposed. The fundamental solid electrochemical cell consists of a (anode) metal substrate (M = Ag, Cu, Zn, and Pb)/pyramidal Na-β″-Al₂O₃/Ag (cathode) system, where the contact diameter between M/Na-β″-Al₂O₃ was extremely small, on the order of a few micrometer. Under an applied electric field, the metal substrate was electrochemically oxidized to metal ions (Mⁿ⁺) at the M/Na-β″-Al₂O₃ microcontact. These Mⁿ⁺ ions migrated into the Na-β″-Al₂O₃. As a result of continuous electrolysis, the metal substrate was locally consumed at the microcontact, and thus solid state electrochemical micromachining was accomplished. As expected, the machining size or depth depended on the electrolysis conditions (current, operating time) and the apex configuration of pyramidal Na-β″-Al₂O₃. Moreover, the scanning of the Na-β″-Al₂O₃ pyramid during electrolysis produced a fine patterned metal substrate. In the present paper, solid state electrochemical micromachining was performed for several metal substrates, and its advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis the conventional electrochemical micromachining method are discussed in detail.     

表达HIV-1 Gag-Pol抗原的重组痘病毒的构建及免疫原性

目的构建稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的重组痘病毒载体疫苗,并检测其体液免疫效果。方法将修饰型HIV-1Gag-Pol基因插入到痘病毒表达载体pSC11m2启动子P7·5下游,经与野生型痘病毒同源重组后,进行蓝白斑筛选。用筛选得到的重组病毒rM-GP转染HEK293细胞,经SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测表达蛋白。用该重组病毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,并检测体液免疫应答。结果已筛选到稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的重组痘病毒载体rM-GP,经Westernblot,在免疫小鼠血清中检测到抗HIV-1p24蛋白的特异性抗体。结论重组痘病毒载体rM-GP能稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白,并能引起有效的体液免疫应答。     

染色废水的还原脱色及其回用

使用还原型双组分脱色剂对含有不同种类水溶性染料的染色废水进行脱色处理，重点研究了脱色剂用量、反应温度、pH值和时间对脱色反应的影响。并且将脱色后的染色废水回用于织物染色中，在染料的上染速率曲线和颜色特征方面进行了比较。结果表明，随着脱色刑用量的增加，染色废水的脱色率都逐渐升高：中性pH条件和温度的升高均可以促进染色废水的脱色；在60℃～700℃，脱色率可达到90％；在常温下3～5分钟内完成脱色，而直接染料不超过15分钟，脱色废水能够回用于织物染色中，染料的上染曲线几乎没有变化，染色深度和色差变化极小。     

MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE LATERAL DISPERSION COEFFICIENT OF SOLIDS IN GAS-SOLIDS FLUIDIZED BEDS

The lateral mixing of solids in a gas-solids fluidized bed is very complicated.It can be caused by:(a)bubble movement through the bed,(b)bubble burst at the bed surface,and(c)gross particle circulation in thebed.However,experiments show that the major factors effected the lateral mixing of solids are the bubblemovement through the bed and the bubble burst at the bed surface.Thus a model with two mixing re-gions,i.e.mixing in bubble rising region and mixing in bubble breaking region,was proposed.Based on thismodel,an equation for predicting the lateral dispersion coefficient of solids in gas-solids fluidized beds wasderived without any adjustable parameter.The calculated values by this equation are well comparable withthe observed data including the present work and the other investigations.     

二氧化锆负载催化剂的应用

由于二氧化锆是唯一同时拥有酸性和碱性及氧化性和还原性的金属氧化物，而且还是p-型半导体，易于产生氧空穴，作为催化剂载体，可和活性组分产生相互作用，因此由它负载的催化剂与其他物质负载的催化剂相比较，具有更多的优良性能。综述了ZrO₂负载的铜和铁等金属的催化剂和固体超强酸的应用，并简述了添加适量助剂对催化剂催化性能的影响。     

法律英语的语言特点及翻译

法律英语是以英语共同体为基础,在立法和司法等活动中形成和使用的具有法律专业特点的语言。法律英语作为一种专门用途英语,又区别于普通英语,具有其独特的词汇、句法特征。文章分析了法律英语的语言特征,并探讨了其翻译的具体方法和策略。     

基于红外偏振的入射角确定

提出基于红外光的偏振度来确定透明物体形状检测中的入射角的方法。在可见光域,偏振度是入射角的二阶函数,即在布儒斯特角两侧各有一个入射角,不能唯一确定入射角。而在红外域,偏振度与入射角之间是一一对应关系,可以对可见光域的两个入射角做出区分,得到正确的入射角。这种方法提高了透明物体形状检测的精度,还可用于复杂形状的物体检测。