Complicated resistivity‐temperature behavior in polymer composites

The resistivity of different polymer composites is investigated in different temperature‐changing processes, which demonstrates more complicated changing behaviors than that usually reported in literatures. The complicated resistivity‐temperature (R‐T) behaviors cannot be explained by current theories, and the contradictions of them with current theories are presented in this article. With the experiments, a new viewpoint on the R‐T behaviors of polymer composites is proposed, i.e., the resistivity changes are attributed to internal stress generated when the morphology and structure of the composites undergo great changes. Based on this speculation, the complicated R‐T behaviors of polymer composites can be well explained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2217–2221, 2002     

Nanosize cobalt oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Nanosize cobalt oxides (Co₃O₄) were synthesised by chemical decomposition of cobalt octacarbonyl in toluene at low temperature. Electrochemical properties of as-prepared Co₃O₄ as anodes in Li-ion cells were tested. The nanosized Co₃O₄ electrode demonstrate a stable reversible lithium storage capacity of 360 mAh/g within 30 cycles. The reactivity of as-prepared Co₃O₄ in Li-ion cells could be attributed to nanosize particles of Co₃O₄ and its lithiation products.     

钢管混凝土压弯构件荷载—挠度曲线的全过程分析

本文主要采用筒支梁式加载方案，研究钢管混凝土压弯构件荷载－挠度关系曲线，试验的主要参数是轴压比、剪跨比和含钢率。最后通过理论计算和对试验数据进行回归分析得到极限承载力、极限位移的计算公式和荷载－挠度关系曲线。     

驱油用聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面特性研究

使用 TRACKR全自动液滴界面张力仪测量了不同试验条件下十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面扩大、缩小时的流变特征及界面张力 ,开发出了用以表征液膜强度的界面黏弹性 E的测量方法。在十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺界面形成稳定的过程中界面 (扩张 )黏弹模量不断增加 ,并逐渐达到恒定 ,其中弹性成分所占比例远大于黏性成分即 E′>E″。考察的聚合物浓度范围为 5 0～ 2 0 0 0 mg/ L ,界面黏弹模量从 1 7.6提高到 3 0 .6m N·m-1。放置 3 d后的聚合物溶液界面黏弹模量保留率为 82 .8%。实验结果表明聚合物浓度变化对界面张力影响不显著。     

三氯异氰脲酸氯化改性天然橡胶硫化胶的研究

制备三氯异氰脲酸（TCCA）水性氯化溶液,用其对天然橡胶（NR）硫化胶进行表面氯化改性,研究氯化时间对表面改性效果的影响。结果表明：随着氯化时间的延长,NR硫化胶中的石蜡向表面的迁移量越小,NR硫化胶表面的Cl和N原子占比和NR硫化胶的剥离强度均先增大后减小,NR硫化胶表面的微裂纹增多及裂纹边缘更不平整;当氯化时间为6min时,NR硫化胶表面的Cl和N原子占比和NR硫化胶的剥离强度达到最大值。     

Ultrafast-laser-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) electrodes with enhanced conductivity and transparency for semitransparent perovskite solar cells

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an important organic electrode for solution-processed low-cost electronic devices. However, it requires doping and post-solvent treatment to improve its conductivity, and the chemicals used for such treatments may affect the device fabrication process. In this study, we developed a novel route for exploiting ultrafast lasers (femtosecond and picosecond laser) to simultaneously enhance the conductivity and transparency of PEDOT:PSS films and fabricate patterned solution-processed electrodes for electronic devices. The conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film was improved by three orders of magnitude (from 3.1 to 1024 S·cm^–1), and high transparency of up to 88.5% (average visible transmittance, AVT) was achieved. Raman and depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxidation level of PEDOT was enhanced, thereby increasing the carrier concentration. The surface PSS content also decreased, which is beneficial to the carrier mobility, resulting in significantly enhanced electrical conductivity. Further, we fabricated semitransparent perovskite solar cells using the as-made PEDOT:PSS as the transparent top electrodes, and a power conversion efficiency of 7.39% was achieved with 22.63% AVT. Thus, the proposed route for synthesizing conductive and transparent electrodes is promising for vacuum and doping-free electronics.     

Effect of core‐shell morphology evolution on the rheology,crystallization, and mechanical properties of PA6/EPDM‐g‐MA/HDPE ternary blend

In this article, polyamide 6 (PA6), maleic anhydride grafted ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM‐g‐MA), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) were simultaneously added into an internal mixer to melt‐mixing for different periods. The relationship between morphology and rheological behaviors, crystallization, mechanical properties of PA6/EPDM‐g‐MA/HDPE blends were studied. The phase morphology observation revealed that PA6/EPDM‐g‐MA/HDPE (70/15/15 wt %) blend is constituted from PA6 matrix in which is dispersed core‐shell droplets of HDPE core encapsulated by EPDM‐g‐MA phase and indicated that the mixing time played a crucial role on the evolution of the core‐shell morphology. Rheological measurement manifested that the complex viscosity and storage modulus of ternary blends were notable higher than the pure polymer blends and binary blends which ascribed different phase morphology. Moreover, the maximum notched impact strength of PA6/EPDM‐g‐MA/HDPE blend was 80.7 KJ/m² and this value was 10–11 times higher than that of pure PA6. Particularly, differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that the bulk crystallization temperature of HDPE (114.6°C) was partly weakened and a new crystallization peak appeared at a lower temperature of around 102.2°C as a result of co‐crystal of HDPE and EPDM‐g‐MA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

污水处理厂污泥消化池内防腐改造完善工程的分析

污水处理厂有5座卵形消化池(总高46.061 m,最大外径26.970 m),消化池气液分界处加强防腐层—无纺布(1×1.5 m)大面积脱落,导致消化池排泥不畅,严重影响其正常运行,因此需要对其进行改造。首先是通过泄空消化池并远距离观察发现消化池上部无纺布局部脱落,其余部分防腐基本良好,下部有局部鼓泡现象,制定改造方案为满堂红脚手架和确定改造材料为H-87及RG-21防腐材料;其次是内防腐改造工程的实施、验收及移交。另外在保障施工安全、推进工程进度及保证工程质量等方面对改造工程进行了分析和总结。最后对消化池今后的运行和内防腐维修提出一些建议。     

双十六氟壬醇琥珀酸单酯胺盐在硝基复合肥防结块中的应用

以含十六氟壬醇的副产物和琥珀酸酐为原料合成十六氟壬醇琥珀酸单酯,再用二乙烯三胺中和十六氟壬醇琥珀酸单酯,即可得到双十六氟壬醇琥珀酸单酯胺盐。确定了双十六氟壬醇琥珀酸单酯胺盐在硝基复合肥防结块剂中的添加量为6％（质量分数）时,可替代原配方中的伯胺盐和仲胺盐,并能明显提高防结块剂的防结块效果。