非金属掺杂类金刚石膜的研究进展

非金属掺杂类金刚石(DLC)膜可以优化纯类金刚石膜的一些性能.例如:掺磷DLC膜电阻率小,还可以明显提高其血液相容性;掺氮DLC膜不仅电阻率小,可作为半导体材料.还具有热稳定性好的优点;掺氟DLC膜在憎水性、耐蚀性、热稳定性和降低介电常数等方面更为优异;硅掺杂使膜中氢含量减少、内应力减小、粗糙度和摩擦系数降低.对非金属掺杂DLC膜的进展做了概括及分析,展现出其广泛的应用前景.     

浑浊介质光学特性的激光散斑表征

大气、海水及生物组织等都属于浑浊介质,浑浊介质的光学特性表征是近年来的研究热点.从浑浊介质光散射特性的散斑表征、散斑偏振技术的应用及在医学生物学中的应用三个方面综述了浑浊介质光学特性的激光散斑表征方法及其进展.     

改性氧化铝陶瓷的抗弯强度和显微结构

用油酸对Al2O3粉末进行表面改性,研究了表面改性工艺对陶瓷致密性、抗弯强度及显微结构的影响。对改性机理进行了探讨。结果表明:改性粉末在1600℃保温2h制备的Al2O3陶瓷,相对密度达到98.9%,抗弯强度达393MPa。利用油酸与粉末表面羟基反应形成非极性有机表层结构,消除粉末间的硬团聚,降低压制过程中的内摩擦力,从而改善坯体的均匀性和致密性,提高陶瓷的抗弯强度。     

Confined LiBH4: Enabling fast hydrogen release at ∼100 °C

LiBH₄ has been attracted tremendous research interest as a hydrogen storage material for mobile applications due to its very high gravimetric hydrogen capacity of 18.6 wt%. However, its real use is heavily hindered by the high operational temperature that is required above 350 °C to release hydrogen with various recent improvements. This is obviously much higher than the ambient temperature of about 100 °C. In this paper, we report the synthesis of LiBH₄ confined by SBA-15 template, which achieves fast hydrogen release of LiBH₄ at ∼100 °C. The confined LiBH₄ system starts to release hydrogen at only 45 °C and can release 8.5 wt% hydrogen (on the basis of LiBH₄ itself) within 10 min at 105 °C, which opens a new window and overcome the most challenging barrier to realize practical hydrogen storage of LiBH₄.     

Numerical Study on Hybrid Tubes Subjected to Static and Dynamic Loading

The commercial finite element program LS-DYNA was employed to evaluate the response and energy absorbing capacity of cylindrical metal tubes that are externally wrapped with composite. The numerical simulation elucidated the crushing behaviors of these tubes under both quasi-static compression and axial dynamic impact loading. The effects of composite wall thickness, loading conditions and fiber ply orientation were examined. The stress–strain curves under different strain rates were used to determine the dynamic impact of strain rate effects on the metal. The results were compared with those of a simplified analytical model and the mean crushing force thus predicted agreed closely with the numerical simulations. The numerical results demonstrate that a wrapped composite can be utilized effectively to enhance the crushing characteristics and energy absorbing capacity of the tubes. Increasing the thickness of the composite increases the mean force and the specific energy absorption under both static and dynamic crushing. The ply pattern affects the energy absorption capacity and the failure mode of the metal tube and the composite material property is also significant in determining energy absorption efficiency.     

Iron-montmorillonite and zinc borate as synergistic agents in flame-retardant glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites in combination with melamine polyphosphate

This paper presents a preliminary investigation on the effects of organically modified iron-montmorillonite (Fe-OMT) and zinc borate (ZnB) on thermal degradation behaviors and flame retardancy of melamine polyphosphate (MPP) flame-retarded glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (GFPA6). The samples were characterized using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared coupled with the thermogravimetric analyzer (TG-FTIR) and Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) measurements. The residue after LOI test was also analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. A substitution of a certain fraction of MPP with ZnB or Fe-OMT can significantly improve the UL-94 rating of GFPA6/MPP composites from no rating to V0 rating, exhibiting excellent flame retardacny. Based on the investigations, different flame retardant mechanisms were proposed for the two effective flame-retardant formulations.     

Excessive sodium ions delivered into cells by nanodiamonds: implications for tumor therapy

Nanodiamonds (NDs) possess many excellent physical and chemical properties that make them attractive materials for applications in biomedicine. In this paper, the adsorption and delivery of a large amount of sodium ions into the cell interior by NDs in serum-free medium is demonstrated. The excess sodium ions inside the cells induce osmotic stresses followed by cell swelling and an increase in the intracellular levels of calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to severe cellular damage. In complete culture medium, however, serum proteins wrapped around the NDs effectively prevent the sodium ions from adsorbing onto the NDs, and thus the NDs show no cytotoxicity. This work is the first to elaborate on the correlation between the sodium ions adsorbed on the nanomaterials and their bio-effects. Excessive ions delivered into cells by NDs might have potential applications in tumor therapy.     

Exploiting the effect of twisting on the electrical resistance of a single-walled carbon nanotube rope to trigger ignition using a 9-V battery

The effect of twisting on the electrical resistance of a raw single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) rope was investigated and found to increase with increasing number of twists, varying from 28.7 Ω initially to 35.2 Ω after 12 twists. There are two reasons for this. One is that the twisting generated more contact points between the SWCNTs and catalytic nanoparticles, resulting in a high density of high local resistance points. The other is that the protrusion of SWCNTs in a rope twisted a large number of times (12–15 twists) partially interrupted the conducting path. By using a 9-V battery, ignition of the rope could be produced at a threshold resistance between 17.5 and 21.1 Ω, and this could be used to ignite ferrocene with the process lasting for several minutes.     

Quantitative characterization of nanoparticles in blood by transmission electron microscopy with a window-type microchip nanopipet

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a unique and powerful tool for observation of nanoparticles. However, due to the uneven spatial distribution of particles conventionally dried on copper grids, TEM is rarely employed to evaluate the spatial distribution of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. Here, we present a microchip nanopipet with a narrow chamber width for sorting nanoparticles from blood and preventing the aggregation of the particles during the drying process, enabling quantitative analysis of their aggregation/agglomeration states and the particle concentration in aqueous solutions. This microchip is adaptable to all commercial TEM holders. Such a nanopipet proves to be a simple and convenient sampling device for TEM image-based quantitative characterization.