The effect of the membrane fluidity on pharmacokinetics for lipid A analog E5531

The effect of the dispersing procedure on the aggregate size, membrane fluidity and the pharmacokinetics were evaluated for the lipid A analog E5531. The size of the aggregates prepared by the pH-jump method (pH 11.0 → 7.3) was decreased, reaching 20 nm with increasing dispersing time in 0.003 N NaOH (pH 11.0). The membrane fluidity of the aggregates increased with increasing dispersing time. When prepared by the normal dilution method (pH 7.3 → 7.3), the size of the aggregates remained constant at 150 nm and the membrane fluidity was smaller compared to samples prepared by the pH-jump method. Using samples with different degrees of hydration and different membrane fluidities prepared by the pH-jump method, the pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration into rats were evaluated, and the data obtained confirmed that the membrane fluidity was correlated with the pharmacokinetics in rat. In addition, E5531 vials were stable for 24 months at room temperature when used within 24 hr after reconstitution.     

The effects of a detuned optical input on bistable laser diodeswith inhomogeneous current injection

The effects of an external optical input on a bistable laser diode (BLD) with inhomogeneous current injection are discussed. The bistable behavior of optical output versus injection current is shown to be variously modified, depending on the wavelength and power of the optical input. Optical set and reset operations and optical logic achieved by optical input pulses can be explained by these characteristics of a BLD modified by an external optical signal. Analysis using rate equations is also offered to help interpretation of experimental results, as well as the optical output and the bias current injected into the BLD     

Fatigue behavior of carburized steel with internal oxides and nonmartensitic microstructure near the surface

The characteristic fatigue behavior of carburized and quenched steel with internal oxides and non-martensitic microstructure near the surface was presented through rotating bending fatigue test. The S-N diagram revealed two knees and the specimens continued to fail over 10⁷ stress cycles. The fatigue limit could not be obtained even at 10⁸ stress cycles. The test results were compared to those for the specimens without surface structure anomalies to show the effect of structure anomalies on the fatigue behavior of carburized steel.     

Mechanical properties of molybdenum neutron-irradiated at a high temperature

Molybdenum specimens prepared by two processes, powder-metallurgy (PM) and electron-beam melting (EB), were irradiated to a fast neutron fluence of 2.74 × 10²⁴n/m² (E_n? 1 MeV) at about 600°C (873 K), and their mechanical properties were studied in detail. It was shown that the degree of irradiation embrittlement in EB-Mo was smaller than that in PM-Mo, which might be caused by stronger grain-boundaries and probably smaller irradiation-hardening in the former. From the relation between the recovery of ductility and microstructural changes in post-irradiation annealed PM-Mo at 800 (1073 K), 1000 (1273 K) and 1200°C (1473 K), it was concluded that the recovery resulted from a decrease of irradiation hardening due to a rearrangement and a disappearance of depleted-zones, dislocation-loops and voids in order with increasing annealing temperature. An anomalous mode of fracture was observed in as-irradiated specimens, which consisted of inhomogeneous deformation, then brittle fracture not at the center but at the root of the deformation neck. This mode was observed in a narrow temperature range near the DBTT. A possible mechanism is discussed.     

Determination of magnetic anisotropy constants for bubble garnet epitaxial films using field orientation dependence in ferromagnetic resonances

Cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K₁ as well as uniaxial anisotropy constant K_u and gyromagnetic ratio γ are precisely determined for (111) magnetic garnet epitaxial films from measurements on FMR field orientation dependence. Strict FMR conditions are derived from total free energy expressions, where the differences between magnetization direction and applied field direction are taken into consideration. By applying magnetic field in (110) plane, FMR is measured to obtain the three best fitting parameters of K₁, K_u and γ. Present analysis is compared with Cronemeyer et al's analysis. Influence of sample misalignment on measurement accuracy is also presented. Similarly, for (110) garnet films with orthorhombic magnetic anisotropy, measurements are carried out for two crystallographic planes of (001) and (110), and the four best fitting parameters of K₁, K_u, δ and γ are determined.     

Automatic color-temperature compensator with guest-host liquid-crystal filter for video image sensing

A color-temperature compensating system with an electrically controllable liquid-crystal filter and a color sensor mounted on a video camera has been developed for color image sensing. The filter contains two guest-host liquid-crystal devices with dichroic dyes that have strong light absorption for shorter-wavelength light; two devices are necessary because of the spectral difference between the sun and an incandescent lamp as light sources. The filter's absorption is continuously controlled by the voltage applied to the filter. Because the filter is driven according to spectral information about the illumination detected by the color sensor, the color balance of the video image to be sensed can be compensated automatically and rapidly. This is especially useful for video image shooting in which a video camera experiences changes in illumination color temperatures.