An experimental 4-Mbit CMOS EEPROM with a NAND-structured cell

A 5-V-only high-density (512 K*8 bit) electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) has been designed and fabricated by using a NAND-structured cell with 1.0- mu m design rules. The average cell area per bit is 12.9 mu m/sup 2/. Block erasing, successive programming, and random reading are achieved using a newly developed NAND-cell control circuit. Typical erasing time is 1.0 ms and page-programming time is 4.0 ms, equivalent to 1.0 mu s/bit. A dynamic sensing system is introduced to sense the small cell current. Typical read access time is 1.6 mu s. The die size is 10.7*15.3 mm/sup 2/.<>     

Determination of the dissociation constant of molten Li2CO3/Na2CO3/K2CO3 using a stabilized zirconia oxide-ion indicator

An Li₂CO₃/Na₂CO₃/K₂CO₃ eutectic melt has been selected as an example of a molten-carbonate system and the suitability of a stabilized zirconia—air electrode as an oxide-ion concentration indicator for this melt has been confirmed.With this indicator, the dissociation constant of the reaction CO₃^2? (?) = CO₂(g) + O^2? (?) in this melt has been determined to be K_d = P_CO2 [O^2?] = 4.03 × 10^?3 Pa at 873 KReproducible measurements were obtained throughout the experiment and this method might find further application in the study of reactions related to the oxide ion in carbonate melts.     

Atrial adipofibrosis in a dog

Recent studies in healthy controls suggest an association between novelty-seeking (NS) and the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene. In this study, we further investigated the relationship between genes implicated in dopamine as well as serotonin neurotransmission and personality traits in bipolar (BP) disorder. Scores on the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire were examined in 37 recovered Research Diagnostic Criteria-diagnosed BP patients genotyped for DRD3, DRD4, and serotonin 2A receptor (5HTR2a) polymorphisms. Carriers of DRD3 allele 1 showed significantly lower NS values compared to patients without this allele. Scores on NS and on harm-avoidance were not related to DRD4 or 5HTR2a polymorphisms. These preliminary results suggest a role for D3 receptor in NS expression in BP patients.     

Properties and structure of nylon fibers in relation to drawing and aqueous phenol treatments

The changes in nylon 66 fiber structure and properties which take place during drawing and aqueous phenol treatments were studied by means of measurements of length, birefringence, density, moisture regain, x-ray diffraction, stress–strain behavior, and sound velocity. Drawing was found to establish molecular orientation along the fiber axis predominantly in the early stages, whereas the development of lateral order occured primarily after a certain level of orientation had been achieved. Treatments in aqueous phenol solutions caused longitudinal contractions which depended on phenol concentration (1-5%), draw ratio (1-6), and the tension on the fiber during the treatment. The treatments resulted in an increase in the lateral order, decrease in orientation and corresponding changes in mechanical properties. Moisture regain was inversely related with density for the untreated fibers of various draw ratios, but the relationship became complex after treatments in phenol. The data are interpreted in terms of changes in the lateral order distributions, which permits an increase in the fibers' sorptive capacity despite an increase in the mean lateral order.     

Sphingolipids in immature and mature soybeans

Ceramides and cerebrosides were isolated from immature and mature soybeans, and structures of the constituents were investigated. As component fatty acids, normal, 2-hydroxy and 2,3-dihydroxy acids were found in ceramides, whereas only normal and 2-hydroxy acids were identified in cerebrosides. The principal fatty acid component was 2-hydroxylignoceric acid in ceramides, and 2-hydroxypalmitic acid in cerebrosides. Sphingoids in ceramides consisted mainly of trihydroxy bases, with 4-hydroxy-trans-8-sphingenine being predominant. In contrast, cerebrosides contained mainly dihydroxy bases, the principal constituent beingtrans-4,trans-8-sphingadienine. The only sugar in cerebrosides was glucose. The constituents of the two sphingolipids were similar to each other in immature and mature seeds. Possible metabolic relations of plant sphingolipids, based on composition, are discussed.     

EFFECT OF DISTRIBUTOR ON BUBBLE SIZE AND BUBBLE RISE VELOCITY IN THE SLUGGING REGIME OF A SEMI-CYLINDRICAL GAS-SOLID FLUIDIZED BED†

A semi-cylindrical fluidized bed of 15 cm internal diameter, equipped with a transparent flat glass plate for the front wall, was employed to visually observe bubbles in the bubbling to slugging transition regime and in the slugging regime. Five kinds of perforated distributors were used to investigate the effect of distributor type on the bubble size and the bubble rise velocity. The average bubble size was not affected by distributor type in these flow regimes, and could be predicted by Darton et al's correlation (1974)of hole number 22. In other words, this comes from the inapplicability of the correlation to the slugging regime. The bubble rise velocity agreed well with Allahwala et al's correlation (1979) and was not affected by the type of distributor.     

Dielectric characteristics of turn-to-turn insulation models of gas-insulated transformer under very fast transient voltages

This paper deals with the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and breakdown voltage (BDV) characteristics of turn-to-turn insulation models for SF₆ gas-insulated transformers in the presence of steep-front short-pulse voltages, whose waveforms are 35/65 ns and 50/370 ns. It was determined that PDIV at nanosecond pulses were 1.05 to 1.15 times higher than those at standard impulse voltages and that the BDV at nanosecond pulses were about 1.4 times higher than those at standard impulse voltages. The ratio of impulse PDIV to ac PDIV is 1.40 to 1.48 for standard impulse voltages and 1.32 to 1.37 for switching impulses. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 121(3): 36–43, 1997     

Gas-particle concentrations of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at an urban and a residential site in Osaka, Japan: effect of the formation of atmospherically stable layer on their temporal change

A comparative study on atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter and the gaseous phase was performed at an urban and a residential site in Osaka, Japan, during 2005-2006. PAH concentrations at the urban site were found to be approximately twice higher than those at the residential site. At both sites, particulate PAH concentrations increased mainly in winter while the trends of temporal change in gaseous PAH concentrations were not clearly observed. The main sources of PAHs were estimated to be local traffic, e.g., diesel engines with catalytic converter. PAH concentrations did not significantly negatively correlate with ozone concentrations and meteorological parameters. Gas-particle partitioning coefficients of representative PAHs with low molecular weight (LMW) significantly negatively correlated with ambient temperature, showing that temporal change in the LMW PAH concentrations in PM could be attributable to the shift of their gas-particle distribution caused by the change in ambient temperature. For the first time, we studied the effect of the formation of atmospherically stable layer following an increase in PAH concentrations in Japan. At the urban site, PAHs showed a significant positive correlation with potential temperature gradients, indicating that temporal variability in PAH concentrations would be dominantly controlled by the formation of atmospherically stable layer in Osaka area.