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61.
Internal oxidation was observed in gold-rich alloys as substrates for porcelain veneers in dental restorations, which contain small amounts of Fe and Sn. The internal oxidation proceeded with oxygen ions diffusing to the inner part of the alloy through Fe2O3 formed at the grain boundaries of the alloy matrix. SnO2 was formed internally together with the Fe2O3. The external oxidation zone was composed of only Fe2O3 in a wide range of Fe and Sn concentrations. Fe3O4 was formed with Fe2O3 in the Sn-rich composition range by reduction of Fe2O3 in the presence of Sn. A band mainly composed of SnO2 was formed at the inside of the internal oxidation zone in the composition range where Fe3O4 formed. In the Sn-rich alloys this internal oxidation band of SnO2 moved to the external oxidation zone. 相似文献
62.
Yasuo Harayama 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》1974,31(1):66-71
The effect of radially asymmetric heat generation on the temperature and heat flux distribution in a fuel rod is evaluated. Based on practical assumptions, the temperature distribution in power reactor fuel can be obtained between reasonable limits by solving the steady-state heat conduction equation with asymmetric heat generation. 相似文献
63.
Remineralization effects of xylitol on demineralized enamel 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We morphologically determined the effects of xylitol on the remineralization of artificially demineralized enamel. The samples were demineralized and then immersed in a remineralizing solution with or without 20% xylitol at 37 degrees C for 2 weeks. Samples were observed using contact microradiography, a multipurpose image processor (MIP) and a high-resolution electron microscope (HRTEM). Contact microradiography indicated that remineralization occurred in the surface and deep layers of samples immersed in a non-xylitol solution. Samples immersed in a xylitol solution demonstrated less mineralization in the outer 10 microm of the outermost surface layers, but more mineralization in the middle and deep layers, than was observed in the non-xylitol samples. The MIP evaluation indicated that remineralization was more prominent in layers at depths of 50-60 microm in the xylitol samples than in the non-xylitol samples. Observation of the xylitol samples by HRTEM revealed crystals of various sizes and irregular shapes with unclear crystal angles in the outermost surface layers. In the middle layers, they had thickened and angles of crystals are clear. These results indicate that xylitol can induce remineralization of deeper layers of demineralized enamel by facilitating Ca2+ movement and accessibility. 相似文献
64.
Chunqing?HeEmail author Takenori?Suzuki Eisaku?Hamada Hitoshi?Kobayashi Kenjiro?Kondo Victor?P.?Shantarovich Yasuo?Ito 《Materials Research Innovations》2003,7(1):37-41
Polymer structures have been investigated using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) with a slow positron beam
as well as a conventional radioactive source (22Na). The properties of the free volume holes near the polymer surface were studied as a function of the positron implantation
energy. The longest lifetime was associated with ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilation in the free volume holes. In polytetrafluoroethylene film, the lifetime of o-Ps was observed to decrease with increasing positron implantation depth, and a significant change in the o-Ps lifetime was found at a short distance (about 10 nm) from the surface, while its intensity increased. This result implies
that near the polymer surface the free volume holes become larger that in the bulk. The effect of temperature on the polymer
sub-surface layers was also studied. For high molecular weight polystyrene, the glass transition temperature for the sub-surface
was lower than that for the bulk and thermal expansion coefficient of the sub-surface layers was found to be larger than the
bulk value.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
65.
Junho Cha Yasuo Kuga Akira Ishimaru Sangil Lee 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2007,55(2):290-297
A simple steerable array antenna is designed and developed using a movable dielectric phase shifter. The change of effective dielectric constant at different dielectric slab positions on a coplanar waveguide is used as the phase shifter. The impedance matching and desired phase shift conditions are satisfied at two slab heights, and the reflection is designed to be minimized at these slab positions. The low-loss dielectric material is used as the dielectric slab and is placed close to a coplanar transmission line with airgap. The 4times4 steerable array antenna with the phase shifters is designed and fabricated at 20 GHz. The H-plane radiation patterns are measured at different phase shift positions and compared with the expected results 相似文献
66.
Takuya Otani Kenji Hashimoto Takaya Isomichi Akira Natsuhara Masanori Sakaguchi Yasuo Kawakami 《Advanced Robotics》2013,27(22):1197-1206
In previous studies, various stabilizing control methods for humanoids during the stance phase while hopping and running were proposed. Although these methods contribute to stability while hopping and running, it is possibility that the control during the flight phase could also affect the stability. In this study, we investigated whether the control during the flight phase can affect the stability of a humanoid while running. To achieve stable hopping, we developed a control system that accounts for the angular momentum of the whole body during the flight phase. In this system, the angular momentum generated by the motion of the lower body in each time interval is calculated during the flight phase, and the trunk joints are controlled to generate the angular momentum necessary to compensate for the deviation of the waist posture, which is used as the reference point for the motion coordinate system of the robot. Once the proposed control system was developed and simulated, we found that the hopping duration in the unconstrained state was extended. 相似文献
67.
Nylon-polystyrene microcapsules with immobilized ferroelectric liquid crystalline segments were prepared, and the permeability control of the encapsulated core material was investigated under an external electric field. A ferroelectric liquid crystal monomer possessing both mesogenicity and chirality effectively responded to an external electrical field. Permeation of the material (oxprenolol) contained in the inner aqueous core of the microcapsules was enhanced under a feeble electric field (2 V). Furthermore, it was found that the permeability of the microcapsules without the ferroelectric liquid crystal group did not depend on the external electrical field. In order to clarify the controlled release mechanism of the core material, the transmittance was quantitatively evaluated under an external electric field using a handmade polarized light transmittance apparatus. 相似文献
68.
Hydrocracking of diphenylmethane and tetralin over bifunctional NiW sulfide catalysts supported on three kinds of zeolites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Koichi Sato Yoshiki Iwata Toshikazu Yoneda Akio Nishijima Yasuo Miki Hiromichi Shimada 《Catalysis Today》1998,45(1-4):367-374
Hydrocracking reactions of diphenylmethane and tetralin were carried out over three kinds of zeolites with or without NiW sulfide to discuss the roles of catalytic bifunctionality in two types of hydrocracking reactions. It was found that strong acid sites were not needed for the hydrocracking of diphenylmethane, while the conversion of tetralin required relatively strong acid sites. Ultra-stable Y zeolite with strong acidity exhibited high hydrocracking activity for both reactions. In contrast, mordenite catalysts did not show high activity for either hydrocracking, though isomerization of tetralin and excess hydrocracking to gaseous products proceeded. The superior performances of ultra-stable Y zeolite in the tetralin hydrocracking were suggested to be related to the hydrogen transfer ability. In most cases, the loading of NiW sulfide enhanced catalytic activity. In the diphenylmethane hydrocracking, the role of NiW sulfide was found to supply active hydrogen to the hydrocracking active sites on zeolite and to prevent polymerization of benzyl cations. In the tetralin hydrocracking, the dehydrogenated products from tetralin were re-hydrogenated over NiW sulfide. 相似文献
69.
Toshihiko Myojo Akira Ogami Takako Oyabu Yasuo Morimoto Masami Hirohashi Masahiro Murakami Kenichiro Nishi Chikara Kadoya Isamu Tanaka 《Advanced Powder Technology》2010,21(5):507-512
Pulmonary health effects of fine particles and nanoparticles are overviewed in this paper, mainly based on the researches conducting in our laboratory. For the hazard assessment, we exposed rats to aerosolized asbestos-substitutes or nanoparticles aerosols (nickel oxide and titanium dioxide), and examined the biological and pathological effects of the particle on lung, a major target organ for the particles, and cytokines which are related to inflammation, fibrosis and carcinogenesis in the lung. It is essential to perform comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of poorly soluble powder samples using the precise characterization data and exposure methods, such as single instillation or aerosol inhalation. 相似文献
70.
Kagiyma Mitsuyasu Ogasawara Yasuo Goto Kazuo Kajiya Fumihiko 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》1985,(8):630-633
This communication considers a method for evaluating fluctuations in the integral type output of a linear time-invariant compartmental system with a Markovian transition process. First, we derived a mathematical formula to calculate variances and covariances of integral type. outputs, as with radioisotope data, when transition rates are known. Then, an estimate for the upper limits of variances and covariances, i.e., 1/2?initial dose, when the transition rates are not given beforehand, was introduced. 相似文献