Neighborhood size and neighborhood frequency effects in word recognition.

What are the effects of a word's orthographic neighborhood on the word recognition process? S. Andrews (1989) reported that large neighborhoods facilitate lexical access (the neighborhood size effect). J. Grainger, J. K. O'Regan, A. M. Jacobs, & J. Segui (1989) reported that higher frequency neighbors inhibit lexical access (the "neighborhood frequency effect"). Because neighborhood size and neighborhood frequency typically covary (words with large neighborhoods will usually possess higher frequency neighbors), these findings would seem to contradict one another. In the present study, 6 experiments on the effects of neighborhood size and neighborhood frequency indicated that, at least for low-frequency words, large neighborhoods do facilitate processing. However, the existence of higher frequency neighbors seems to facilitate rather than inhibit processing. The implications of these findings for serial and parallel models of lexical access are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rough Surface Effects on the p-Wave Fermi Superfluids

Rough surface effects on p-wave Fermi superfluids are discussed on the basis of our recently proposed quasi-classical theory that can treat in a unified way the surface scattering ranging from the specular limit to the diffusive limit. We show how the transition temperature of the ABM state in a slab geometry depends on the surface roughness. In the diffusive limit, our result agrees with Kjäldmann et al. We consider the BW state, the ABM state and the polar state in a half-infinite geometry with a plane rough surface and discuss the self-consistent order parameter and the surface density of states at low temperatures. The rough surface effects on the Andreev scattering in the BW state are also discussed within the same framework.     

Electrochemiluminescence in liquid crystals

Electrochemiluminescence (ecl) of rubrene was studied in nematic liquid crystal 4-cyano-4′-n-pentylbiphenyl. A thin-layer cell of indium-tin oxide glass with an electrode distance of 5 μm was fabricated with a treatment for molecular aligning of a twisted nematic display of the liquid crystal. In cyclic voltammetric scans up to ± 100 V, a fairly stable emission was observed in the voltage range over ± 50 V. whereas the molecular alignment of the liquid crystal was induced at a usual voltage around ± 5 V. The generation of ecl at such a high voltage was interpreted in terms of electrohydrodynamic convection which was induced under a high electric field in an electrolyte-free system. Other nematic liquid crystals such as phenylcyclohexanes and phenylpyrimidines were examined using rubrene, tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium ion and p-(9′-anthryl)-N,N-dimethylaniline, as the ecl molecule, but they gave either less stable than 4-cyano-4′-n-pentylbiphenyl, or no emission.     

Vanadinoxid im Gleichgewicht mit Eisen-Vanadin-Legierungen bei 1600 °C

Ermittlung der Zusammensetzungen der Vanadinoxide im Gleichgewicht mit Eisen-Vanadin-Legierungen bei 1600 °C und Gehalten bis zu 5% V durch Mikrosonden- und Röntgenbeugungsuntersuchungen nach Abschrecken der Proben mit einem Stahlstab. Angaben zum Zusammenhang zwischen Vanadin- und Sauerstoffaktivität der Schmelzen und zur Sauerstoffsättigung der flüssigen Eisen-Vanadin-Legierungen. Überprüfung der im Schrifttum angegebenen Aktivitätskoeffizienten von Vanadin in Eisenschmelzen.     

Probabilistic distributions of pin gaps within a wire-spaced fuel subassembly and sensitivities of the related uncertainties to pin gap

Probabilistic fuel pin gap distributions within a wire-spaced fuel subassembly and sensitivities of the related uncertainties to fuel pin gaps are discussed. The analyses consist mainly of expressing a local fuel pin gap in terms of sensitivity functions of the related uncertainties and calculating the corresponding probabilistic distribution through taking all the possible combinations of the distribution of uncertainties. The results of illustrative calculations show that with the reliability level of 0.9987, the maximum deviation of the pin gap at the cladding hot spot of a center fuel subassembly is 8.05% from its nominal value and the corresponding probabilistic pin gap distribution is shifted to the narrower side due to the external confinement of a pin bundle with a wrapper tube.     

The vaporization and thermal stability of lithium molybdates

Two lithium molybdates, δ-Li₄MoO₅ and Li₂MoO₄, were evaporated and measured by high temperature mass spectometry. Various lithium and molybdenum oxide ions were observed, and their partial pressures were obtained. From the thermochemical calculation of evaporation, the heats of formation of the molybdates were obtained for the following reactions, $\text{Li}{}_2\text{O(c) +}\text{1}\text{2}\text{MoO}{}_3\text{(c) =}\text{1}\text{2}\text{δ-Li}{}_4\text{Mo0}{}_5\text{(c), ΔH}{}_{\mathrm{r.298}}{}^{\mathrm{o}}\text{= ? 120.4 kj.mol}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$, and $\text{Li}{}_2\text{O(c) + MoO}{}_3\text{(c) = Li}{}_2\text{MoO}{}_4\text{(c), ΔH}{}_{\mathrm{r.298}}{}^{\mathrm{o}}\text{= ? 154.7 kj.mol}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$. Thermochemically, $\text{Li}{}_2\text{MoO}{}_4$ is less stable than $\text{δ-Li}{}_4\text{MoO}{}_5$.     

A biosensor in the time domain based on the diffusion coefficient measurement: intermolecular interaction of an intermediate of photoactive yellow protein

A new type of biosensor is presented for the first time. This method is based on the diffusion measurement in the time domain by the transient grating method. As the first demonstration of this new method, various intermolecular interactions with a reaction intermediate of photoactive yellow protein, such as the protein-protein interaction, protein-DNA interaction, and protein-small molecule binding are detected. The characteristic advantages and limitations are summarized.     

Orientation development in the tubular film extrusion of polypropylene

A basic study of orientation development in the tubular film extrusion of polypropylene is reported. WAXS and birefringence measurements were carried out on films prepared under conditions of known blowup ratio B, drawdown ν_L/ν_O, machine direction tension, and bubble pressure. Pole figures were constructed and biaxial orientation factors determined. The use of an orientation factor triangle diagram was found to be a useful method of representing the variation of orientation with processing conditions. The variation in orientation with processing parameters for polypropylene was found to have similar behavior to that previously found for polyethylene.