Retroviral display of antibody fragments; interdomain spacing strongly influences vector infectivity

Five different single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) against human cell-surface antigens were displayed on murine ecotropic retroviral vectors by fusing them to the Moloney SU envelope glycoprotein. The spacing between the scFv and the SU glycoprotein was varied by fusing the scFv to residue +7 or to residue +1 of Moloney SU and by inserting linker sequences of different lengths between the domains. All of the chimeric envelopes were efficiently incorporated into vector particles and could bind to human cells through their displayed antibody fragments, but did not infect them. The spacing between the scFvs and the SU glycoproteins had no significant effect on the efficiency of envelope expression or viral incorporation and did not affect the binding properties of the chimeric envelopes, nor did it influence the efficiency of targeted gene delivery to human cells by scFv-displaying vectors. However, on murine fibroblasts the infectivity of vectors incorporating the chimeric envelopes was strongly influenced by the length of the interdomain spacer. The titers were very low when the single-chain antibodies were fused through a tripeptide linker to SU residue +7 and were greatly enhanced (up to 10(5)-fold) when they were fused to SU residue +1 through a heptapeptide linker. These results point to the importance of steric interactions between the domains of chimeric envelope glycoproteins and may have implications for retroviral vector design for human gene therapy.     

A method to estimate entropies and heat capacities applied to alkali oxides

We present a method that is useful in the estimate and assessment of heat capacity data. The approach is based on an analysis of the logarithmic average of the phonon frequencies. In this quantity, that may be easily derived from experimental data on the vibrational entropy, the influence of atomic masses can be exactly accounted for even in polyatomic solids. Our method is applied to Li₂O, Na₂O, K₂O, Rb₂O, and Cs₂O. In particular, literature data for K₂O are critically examined.     

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of a novel aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase gene from an R-plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium S24 isolated in Taiwan

A conjugative aminoglycoside resistance plasmid pST2 has been isolated from Escherichia coli K-12 14R525, which was mated with a clinical isolate of Salmonella typhimurium S24. A novel resistance gene of aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase[AAC(6')] was cloned from plasmid pST2 on a 1,393 kilobase (kb) of SphI-SalI fragment into vector pACYC184 and pUC18. This novel AAC(6') gene in plasmid pST2 acetylated kanamycin, amikacin, dibekacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, netilmicin, and sisomicin. The complete nucleotide sequence of the novel AAC(6') gene and its neighboring sequences were also determined. Minicell experiments detected only one protein of 24.7 kilodaltons (kDa) translated from an open reading frame of the 618 base pairs (bp) gene.     

死髓变色前牙的激光漂白治疗临床评价

本文的研究目的是探讨激光冠内漂白治疗死髓牙变色的治疗作用。材料与方法 :漂白基本操作同激光活髓牙变色的漂白操作程序。先将牙龈及口唇有效防护 ,将漂白药物放在唇舌两面并同时封入根冠内。结果 :所有牙齿的灰暗变色均有 3- 5级的色度提高。平均治疗次数为 3.4± 0 .75 ,脱色 85 %以上的占 89%。结论 :牙齿创伤和牙髓分解是冠内变色的常见原因 ,激光冠内漂白是治疗这种变色的有效手段 ,可以完全恢复患者的自信。     

通讯网的演进

在光纤高速传输技术、光交换与智能光网等与宽带接入、多媒体、3G等网络应用技术的推动下，建设基于IPv6协议的IP基础电信网成为可能。现在IP网正在朝着有序的、可管理的、有QoS保障的、可以支持各类业务的综合业务基础网演进。电信网也正在从网络接入层上、从长途网络层面上、从本地网络层面上、从固定网向含3G在内的移动网络等方面向支持IP技术及其综合业务的方面全面推进。     

论创新素质

江泽民同志曾多次强调:"创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力."科学的生命力在于创新,教育科学的生命力同样在于创新.时代呼唤创新教育,呼唤创新型人才,而创新人才必须具有较高的创新素质.在创造性活动中,先进、强大的物质技术手段具有突出的作用和意义,但是最重要的工具始终是人的创造性的大脑,这也就是说,从事创造活动需要具备良好的创造性的主观素质和修养.     

车间调度下流水线制造系统的仿真研究

在车间调度的基础上，采用事件调度法仿真策略，对流水线制造系统的仿真进行研究。