Molecular species of 1-O-alk-1′-enyl-2-acyl-, 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-, and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (EPL) andsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (CPL) of Japanese oysterCrassostrea gigas were analyzed by selectedion monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using electron impact ionization. The characteristic
fragment ions, [RCH=CH+56]+ due to the alkenyl residue in thesn-1 position and [RCO+74]+ due to the acyl residue in thesn-2 position of alkenylacylglycerols, [R+130]+ due to the alkyl residue in thesn-1 position and [RCO+74]+ due to the acyl residue in thesn-2 position of alkylacylglycerols, [RCO+74]+ due to the acyl residues in thesn-1 and/orsn-2 positions of diacylglycerols, and [M−57]+ being indicative of the corresponding molecular weight, were used for structural assignments.
For alkenylacyl EPL and CPL, 19 and 16 molecular species were determined, respectively. Two molecular species, 18∶0alkenyl-22∶6n−3
and 18∶0-alkenyl-22∶2-non-methylene interrupted diene (NMID), amounted to 53.2% and 47.9%, respectively. The alkylacyl EPL
and CPL consisted of 16 and 20 molecular species, respectively, and the prominent components were 18∶0alkyl-22∶2NMID, 20∶1alkyl-20∶1n−11
(27.4%) and 20∶1alkyl-20∶2NMID (16.3%) in the former, and 16∶0alkyl-20∶5n−3 (23.0%) and 16∶0alkyl-22∶6n−3 (21.6%) in the latter.
For the diacyl EPL and CPL, 14 and 51 molecular species were determined, respectively. The major molecular species were 18∶0–20∶5n−3
(37.4%), 16∶0–20∶5n−3 (14.2%) and 18∶1n−7–22∶2NMID (13.2%) in the former, and 16∶0–20∶5n−3 (33.4%) and 16∶0–22∶6n−3 (22.3%)
in the latter. It was found that there were significant differences in the molecular species between the alkylacyl and diacyl
EPL and the alkylacyl and diacyl CPL; the number of molecular species was larger in CPL than in EPL, while the number of total
carbons and double bonds of the major molecular species were larger in the EPL than in the CPL. Alkenylacyl EPL were similar
to alkenylacyl CPL in molecular species composition. 相似文献
Spin dynamics of3He-4He dilute solution have been studied in the collisionless regime by NMR methods. In cw NMR experiments, we observed spin waves in a magnetic field gradient. The frequency difference between the first mode and the others obeyed a two-thirds power law in the strength of the field gradient. By using a pulsed NMR method, nonlinear spin dynamics were studied. We observed the large amplitude spin waves after an rf pulse. The frequency of each spin-wave mode depended on the tipping angle. By using the parameter determined in the present experiment, the numerical calculated results based on Leggett-Rice theory are in good agreement with the results of the pulsed NMR experiments. 相似文献
In this paper, we consider a problem of global stabilization for a class of approximately feedback linearized nonlinear systems. In order to handle more nonlinearity over the existing results, we provide a new feedback controller with two gain-scaling factors and we show that more nonlinearity can be treated by our control scheme. Moreover, we analytically show that the considered nonlinear systems can be stabilized by the proposed controller. Through comparison practical examples, we illustrate the improved features of our proposed control method.
In this paper, we consider a problem of global asymptotic stabilization for nonlinear systems with the perturbed nonlinearity. We provide a stabilizing controller with two gain-scaling factors and a new controller design method with matrix inequality approach. In particular, we provide a new procedure for selecting gain-scaling factors which are associated with stabilizing the closed-loop system. As a result, our proposed control method widens the class of considered nonlinear systems and yields better control performance over the existing methods. Via several comparison examples, we illustrate the improved features of the proposed control method over the existing ones.
It has been observed that the forming limit curve at fracture (FLCF) of steel sheets, with a relatively higher ductility limit
have linear shapes, similar to those of a bulk forming process. In contrast, the FLCF of sheets with a relatively lower ductility
limit have rather complex shapes approaching the forming limit curve at neck (FLCN) towards the equi-biaxial strain paths.
In this study, the FLCFs of steel sheets were measured and compared with the fracture strains predicted from specific ductile
fracture criteria, including a criterion suggested by the authors, which can accurately describe FLCFs with both linear and
complex shapes. To predict the forming limit for hydro-mechanical deep drawing of steel sheets, the ductile fracture criteria
were integrated into a finite element simulation. The simulation, results based on the criterion suggested by authors accurately
predicted the experimetal, fracture limits of steel sheets for the hydro-mechanical deep drawing process. 相似文献
We prepared zirconia thin films on (100) Si wafer by using a chemical solution deposition with a zirconium naphthenate as
a starting material. The films were pyrolyzed at 500°C for 10 min and finally annealed for 30 min in air at 500°C. Amorphous
films after annealing had no distinct structure and were uniform along the cross section line.In vitro formation of the calcium phosphate was evaluated by the field emission-scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray
spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 相似文献
The hot roll pressing of iron powder with several rotating speeds was carried out on a pilot-plant scale. From these experiments, it was confirmed that the surface temperature of roller was increased with increasing its rotating speed. It was also known that the heat transfer coefficient between the iron powder and the roller surface is closely related with the rotating speed of roller. These results were quantitatively described by using a mathematical model which was derived based on the steady-state heat transfer during hot roll pressing. In addition, the densification behavior of iron powder during the hot roll pressing was simulated by a finite element model based on the arbitrary Lagrangian and Eulerian (ALE) method and a yield criterion for metal powder. From these models, the maximum critical rotating speed of roller during the hot roll pressing, in which the roller could hold out against the thermal fracture, could be determined. 相似文献
The texture of cold rolled aluminum sheet has been known to vary through the thickness due to inhomogeneous deformation during rolling. The copper texture is obtained in the center layer that is plane strain compressed while the shear texture in the surface layer, which is approximated by major 001 011 and minor 111 112 and 111 110 components. The stability condition of these components was calculated based on the full constraint Taylor-Bishop-Hill theory and could be described by a parameterdɛ13/dɛ11 with the suffixes 1 and 3 indicating the rolling and thickness directions, respectively. 相似文献
With the aim of assessing the degradation of Zr−2.5Nb pressure tubes operating in the Wolsong unit-1 nuclear power plant, characterization tests are being conducted on irradiated Zr−2.5Nb tubes removed after 10-year operation. The examined tube had been exposed to temperatures ranging from 264 to 306°C and a neutron fluence of 8.9×1021 n/cm2 (E>1 MeV) at the maximum. Tensile tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from RT to 300°C. The density of a-type and c-type dislocations was examined on the irradiated Zr-2.5Nb tube using a transmission electron microscope. Neutron irradiation up to 8.9×1021 n/cm2 (E>1 MeV) yielded an increase in a-type dislocation density of the Zr−2.5Nb pressure tube to 7.5×1014 m−2, which was highest at the inlet of the tube exposed to the low temperature of 275°C. In contranst, the c-component dislocation density did not change with irradiation, keeping an initial dislocation density of 0.8×1014 m−2 over the whole length of the tube. As expected, the neutron irradiation increased mechanical strength by about 17–26% in the transverse direction and by 34–39% in the longitudinal direction compared to that of the unirradiated tube at 300°C. The change in the mechanical properties with irradiation is discussed in association with the microstructural change as a function of temperature and neutron fluence. 相似文献