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Matthew O'Sullivan Daire
hUallachin Patrícia Oliveira Antunes Eleanor Jennings Mary Kelly‐Quinn 《河流研究与利用》2019,35(2):146-158
Cattle access to streams has been linked globally with degradation of stream water quality, driven largely by bank erosion and resultant instream, fine sediment deposition. The majority of evidence on such effects is however based in arid and semiarid regions of the United States and Australia, with few studies relating to cool temperate climates such as Northwest Europe. In this study, “Quorer” resuspendable sediment samples were taken from riffle geomorphic units upstream (control) and at two points downstream (pressure and recovery) of cattle access points in headwater streams in agricultural catchments in Ireland to assess levels of deposited stream sediment. Samples were taken in April/May (2016) prior to the grazing season and in October (2016) at the end of the grazing season. Sites in good‐high ecological status catchments and less than good ecological status catchments were included in the study. Higher levels of sediment were found downstream of cattle access points in both good‐high status and less than good status catchments; however, the impacts of access points were spatially confined to, in most cases, the area immediately downstream of the point of access. There was a strong correlation between deposited sediment mass and organic matter (OM) mass, with levels of OM increasing linearly with deposited sediment mass. Levels of measured sediment were negatively correlated with riparian habitat health (measured using a qualitative habitat assessment). The results of this study highlight the need for measures to prevent cattle access to headwater streams where access points can be many in order to manage local habitat quality and downstream water quality issues. 相似文献
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Scientometrics - Due to the development of academic, more and more attentions are paid to citation recommendation. To solve the citation recommendation problem, researchers begin to focus on the... 相似文献
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Wei-Li Xie Xiao-Dong Zhang Wen-Hui Liu Qi Xie Guang-Wu Wen Xiao-Xiao Huang Jian-Dong Zhu Fei-Xiang Ma 《稀有金属(英文版)》2019,(3)
SiC nano wires were fabricated on the silicon substrate dipped with a layer of Ni catalyst at 900 ℃ by gas pressure annealing processing. The morphologies and crystal structures were determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results show that the assynthesized nanowires are β-SiC single crystalline with diameter range of 50-100 nm, and length of tens of micron by directly annealing at 900 ℃. The SiC nano wires grow along the [111] direction with highly uniform morphology. And the possible growth mechanism of SiC nano wires is proposed.The present work provides an efficient strategy for the production of high-quality SiC nano wires. 相似文献
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This paper considers the state‐dependent interference relay channel (SIRC) in which one of the two users may operate as a secondary user and the relay has a noncausal access to the signals from both users. For discrete memoryless SIRC, we first establish the achievable rate region by carefully merging Han‐Kobayashi rate splitting encoding technique, superposition encoding, and Gelfand‐Pinsker encoding technique. Then, based on the achievable rate region that we derive, the capacity of the SIRC is established in many different scenarios including (a) the weak interference regime, (b) the strong interference regime, and (c) the very strong interference regime. This means that our capacity results contain all available known results in the literature. Next, the achievable rate region and the associated capacity results are also evaluated in the case of additive Gaussian noise. Additionally, many numerical examples are investigated to show the value of our theoretical derivations. 相似文献
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When solving a mathematical problem, students who do not have sufficient conceptual understanding may perform poorly and exhibit misconceptions. This study was aimed to examine students' conceptual understanding and significant misconceptions when solving number sense‐related problems. An online three‐tier diagnostic test was administered to 125 fifth‐grade students with varied socio‐economic backgrounds in Hong Kong. Only 14.40% of the students exhibited high performance with high confidence, indicating that these students had a profound conceptual understanding of number sense. In addition, the majority of the students (66.40%) did not demonstrate number sense; these students exhibited several significant misconceptions and could solve the questions only by using a rule‐based method or guessing. Accordingly, most students performed unsatisfactorily on number sense‐related problems. This study is imperative in identifying early predictors and provides information for further compatible interventions in the teaching and learning of number sense in Hong Kong in particular and worldwide in general. 相似文献
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Wang Hay Kan Chenxi Wei Dongchang Chen Tao Bo Bao‐Tian Wang Yan Zhang Yangchao Tian Jun‐Sik Lee Yijin Liu Guoying Chen 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(17)
Lithium‐rich disordered rock‐salt oxides have attracted great interest owing to their promising performance as Li‐ion battery cathodes. While experimental and theoretical efforts are critical in advancing this class of materials, a fundamental understanding of key property changes upon Li extraction is largely missing. In the present study, single‐crystal synthesis of a new disordered rock‐salt cathode material, Li1.3Ta0.3Mn0.4O2 (LTMO), and its use as a model compound to investigate Li concentration–driven evolution of local cationic ordering, charge compensation, and chemical distribution are reported. Through the combined use of 2D and 3D X‐ray nanotomography, it is shown that Li removal accompanied by oxygen oxidation is correlated with the development of morphological defects such as particle cracking. Chemical heterogeneity, quantified by subparticle level distribution of Mn valence state, is minimal during Mn redox, which drastically increases upon the formation of cracks during oxygen redox. Density functional theory and bond valence sum mismatch calculations reveal the presence of local short‐range ordering in the pristine oxide, which gradually disappears along with the extraction of Li. The study suggests that with cycling the transformation into true cation–disordered state can be expected, which likely impacts the voltage profile and obtainable energy density of the oxide cathodes. 相似文献
39.
Reducing the complexity of distance measurement methods for circular turbo codes that use structured interleavers 下载免费PDF全文
Youssouf Ould‐Cheikh‐Mouhamedou 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2015,28(9):1572-1579
The knowledge of turbo code's minimum Hamming distance (dmin) and its corresponding codeword multiplicity (Amin) is of a great importance because the error correction capability of a code is strongly tied to the values of dmin and Amin. Unfortunately, the computational complexity associated with the search for dmin and Amin can be very high, especially for a turbo code that has high dmin value. This paper introduces some useful properties of turbo codes that use structured interleavers together with circular encoding. These properties allow for a significant reduction of search space and thus reduce significantly the computational complexity associated with the determination of dmin and Amin values. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal of Communication Systems published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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