“互联网+”儿童健康管理监测系统设计研究

目的研究在"互联网+"技术支持下,儿童全面健康监测系统设计的实现。方法综述互联网+技术、云技术的方法和主要特点,结合对当前儿童健康状况的调查分析,进行儿童健康管理监测系统的需求分析,获得整体模块化设计的新思路。结论通过对儿童健康管理系统的支撑技术、系统构架及具体的界面设计,为儿童提供更加全面的健康监测,方便父母对儿童健康状况的了解与掌握,更好地呵护儿童健康成长。     

光纤光栅形状传感器的研究

传感器总长810mm,直径为2.5mm,4根光纤布喇格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)互成90°分布在用记忆合金丝(Shap Memory Alloy,SMA)做基材的表面。通过在波分复用的基础上添加光时分复用来改进传感网络布置,提高测量精度;同时,设计了一套封装装置来确保封装时FBG与基材之间的准确定位以及黏结剂能够均匀的涂覆在基材和FBG表面,提高传感器的封装精度。实验结果表明,该FBG形状传感器的测量精度为3.1%。     

基于Ⅳ-Ⅵ族化合物的胶体量子点太阳电池研究进展

基于Ⅳ-Ⅵ族化合物的胶体量子点具有易于合成、带隙可调等优点,被认为是一种非常有前途的窄带隙光伏材料。近年来,利用Ⅳ-Ⅵ族化合物制作的胶体量子点太阳电池最高转换效率已经突破10%。介绍了胶体量子点的合成方法、基本结构及其光电特性;着重分析了国内外关于肖特基和异质结胶体量子点太阳电池的研究现状,指出了目前该领域研究中存在的问题和发展趋势,并分析了未来需要重点解决的关键问题。     

氧化镧改善钨材料性能的研究现状

制备钨合金面临着再结晶温度低、韧脆转变温度高、高温强度低及寿命短等问题。稀土氧化物氧化镧(La2O3)添加到钨合金内,再结晶温度提高、韧脆转变温度下降、高温强度提高,所以钨材料内添加La2O3是最近几年国内外的热门研究课题之一。主要介绍了高温强度强、再结晶温度低、寿命长的W-La2O3合金的最佳La2O3添加含量以及改善这些性质的一些方法,最后指出了该合金待解决的一些问题及其发展趋势。     

The Influence of Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Doping on the Crystalline Formation of MIL‐88B(Fe) and the Photocatalytic Activities

In this research, bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) is exfoliated and transferred to the carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNSs), which are then coupled with MIL‐88B(Fe) to form the hybrid. From the results of the powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, it is found that the doping of CNNSs on the surface of MIL‐88(Fe) could maintain the basic structure of MIL‐88B(Fe), and the smaller dimension of CNNSs might influence the crystallization process of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) compared to bulk g‐C₃N₄. Besides, the effects of the CNNSs incorporation on photocatalysis are also investigated. Through the photoluminescence spectra, electrochemical measurements, and photocatalytic experiments, the hybrid containing 6% CNNSs is certified to possess the highest catalytic activity to degrade methylene blue and reduce Cr(VI) under visible light. The improvement of the photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the matched energy level which favors the formation of the heterojunctions. Besides, it promotes the charge migration such that the contact between MOFs and CNNSs is more intimate, which can be inferred from the electronic microscopy images. Finally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism is put forward by the relative calculation and the employment of the scavengers to trap the active species.     

Web‐Like Interconnected Carbon Networks from NaCl‐Assisted Pyrolysis of ZIF‐8 for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysis

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is under intense research due to its significance in energy storage and conversion processes. Recent studies show that interconnected and hierarchically porous structures can further enhance ORR kinetics as well as catalyst durability, but their preparation can be quite time and/or chemical consuming. Here, a simple approach is reported to prepare such complex structures by pyrolyzing composites containing NaCl and ZIF‐8. The templating effect of molten NaCl connects ZIF‐8 particles into web‐like carbon networks. During ORR activity measurements, it achieves a 0.964 V onset potential and a 38 mV dec^?1 Tafel slope, which are comparable to those of the benchmark Pt/C (0.979 V and 40 mV dec^?1). Due to the metal‐free feature, this catalyst exhibits a 16 mV shift in half‐wave potential after a 10 000‐cycle durability test, which is only 60% of that of Pt/C. The catalyst is also tested in Zn–air batteries and the assemblies are able to work at above 1.2 V for 140 h, which triples the life held by those with Pt/C. This study demonstrates a facile strategy to prepare metal‐free ORR catalysts with interconnectivity and hierarchical porosity, and proves their great potentials in ORR catalysis and Zn–air batteries.     

Modelling and simulation of chlorophyll fluorescence from photosystem II as affected by temperature

Emission of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) from photosystem II (PSII) is affected by both plant status and environmental conditions. In this work, a state space model structure for ChlF from PSII with temperature as a variable model parameter was developed to provide insights into the temperature effects on photosynthesis and greenhouse temperature control. Experiments were carried out at 20, 25, and 30°C to validate the capability and flexibility of the developed model structure. Simulations of ChlF emission were performed for different temperatures. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the ChlF model structure and the findings are useful for the development of greenhouse temperature control strategies.Inspec keywords: fluorescence, state‐space methods, photosynthesis, temperature control, vegetationOther keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence, photosystem II, PSII, plant status, environmental conditions, state space model structure, variable model parameter, temperature effects, photosynthesis, ChlF emission, ChlF model structure, greenhouse temperature control strategies, temperature 20.0 degC, temperature 25.0 degC, temperature 30.0 degC     

Effects of redox-active interlayer anions on the oxygen evolution reactivity of NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanosheets

Nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) nanosheets have shown optimal oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance; however, the role of the intercalated ions in the OER activity remains unclear. In this work, we show that the activity of the NiFe-LDHs can be tailored by the intercalated anions with different redox potentials. The intercalation of anions with low redox potential (high reducing ability), such as hypophosphites, leads to NiFe-LDHs with low OER overpotential of 240 mV and a small Tafel slope of 36.9 mV/dec, whereas NiFe-LDHs intercalated with anions of high redox potential (low reducing ability), such as fluorion, show a high overpotential of 370 mV and a Tafel slope of 80.8 mV/dec. The OER activity shows a surprising linear correlation with the standard redox potential. Density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicate that the intercalated anions alter the electronic structure of metal atoms which exposed at the surface. Anions with low standard redox potential and strong reducing ability transfer more electrons to the hydroxide layers. This increases the electron density of the surface metal sites and stabilizes their high-valence states, whose formation is known as the critical step prior to the OER process.

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Molten-salt chemical exfoliation process for preparing two-dimensional mesoporous Si nanosheets as high-rate Li-storage anode

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted enormous attention due to their functional applications in energy storage. In this work, a low-temperature molten-salt chemical exfoliation methodology is developed for producing free-standing 2D mesoporous Si through deintercalation of CaSi₂ in excess molten AlCl₃ at 195 °C. The average dimension of these sheets is 1.5 μm, and the thickness of a single sheet is approximately 10 nm. The as-prepared 2D Si has a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 154 m²·g^?1 and an average pore size of 5.87 nm. With this unique structure, the 2D Si exhibits superior Li-storage performance, including a reversible capacity of 2,974 mA·h·g^?1 at 0.2 C, reversible capacities of 2,162, 1,947, and 1,527 mA·h·g^?1 at 0.8, 2, and 5 C after 200 cycles, and a capacity retention of 357 mA·h·g^?1 even at 30 C (90 A·g^?1).

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Controllable defects implantation in MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> grown by chemical vapor deposition for photoluminescence enhancement

Photoluminescence (PL) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can be engineered by controlling the density of defects, which provide active sites for electron-hole recombination, either radiatively or non-radiatively. However, the implantation of defects by external stimulation, such as uniaxial tension and irradiation, tends to introduce local damages or structural non-homogeneity, which greatly degrades their luminescence properties and impede their applicability in constructing optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we present a strategy to introduce a controllable level of defects into the MoS₂ monolayers by adding a hydrogen flow during the chemical vapor deposition, without sacrificing their luminescence characteristics. The density of the defect is controlled directly by the concentration of hydrogen. For an appropriate hydrogen flux, the monolayer MoS₂ sheets have three times stronger PL emission at the excitonic transitions, compared with those samples with nearly perfect crystalline structure. The defect-bounded exciton transitions at lower energies arising in the defective samples and are maximized when the total PL is the strongest. However, the B exciton, exhibits a monotonic decline as the defect density increases. The Raman spectra of the defective MoS₂ reveal a redshift (blueshift) of the in-plane (out-of-plane) vibration modes as the hydrogen flux increases. All the evidence indicates that the generated defects are in the form of sulfur vacancies. This study renders the high-throughput synthesis of defective MoS₂ possible for catalysis or light emitting applications.

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