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91.
We propose a new time-domain passivity observer (PO) and passivity controller (PC) which removes the constant-velocity assumption during one sample time, which was used in our previous PO/PC approach. A new sampled-time definition of passivity is introduced, and this new definition is compared with the previous sampled-time definition of passivity. Through this comparison, we propose the more accurate PO/PC approach. The proposed new PO/PC approach is applied to the "Excalibur" haptic interface system with very high stiffness (K = 120 kN/spl middot/m) virtual environment, and stable contact is demonstrated. 相似文献
92.
In this paper, we propose a new algorithm that analyzes the data dependency pattern in the first-order linear recurrence (FOLR) and transforms it into algebraically equivalent expanded form so that it can be processed in parallel using the threads on symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) machines. The transformation aims to eliminate the data dependencies in the naive nested form of the FOLR. However, as this transformation may result in extra multiplication operations, our algorithm examines the immanent overhead of the expanded form of the FOLR and generates a new hybrid form of the FOLR. The hybrid form combines nested and appropriately expanded form in order to make it suitable for parallel processing. The parallel algorithm based on the hybrid form of the FOLR is analytically examined and tested through implementation on SMP machines. The implementation details, such as the workload balancing between processors and the optimization of cache performance, are also discussed. The experimental results show that the parallel algorithm based on the hybrid form of the FOLR considerably improves the performance on SMP machines that have three of more processors. 相似文献
93.
Sang‐Ho Lee Jeong‐Hoon Song Young‐Cheol Yoon Goangseup Zi Ted Belytschko 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2004,59(8):1119-1136
A combination of the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the mesh superposition method (s‐version FEM) for modelling of stationary and growing cracks is presented. The near‐tip field is modelled by superimposed quarter point elements on an overlaid mesh and the rest of the discontinuity is implicitly described by a step function on partition of unity. The two displacement fields are matched through a transition region. The method can robustly deal with stationary crack and crack growth. It simplifies the numerical integration of the weak form in the Galerkin method as compared to the s‐version FEM. Numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
The boiling hysteresis phenomenon is studied for a real scale enhanced evaporator tube (2 m long Turbo-B type) with R134a refrigerant used in the flooded evaporator of a centrifugal brine chiller for the ice-making facility. Unlike previous studies of the boiling heat transfer with uniform heat flux and uniform wall temperature, the wall temperature varies along the tube in the present experiment. To see if the similar hysteresis occurs as in the case of uniform wall temperature, a careful control of refrigerant temperature and heat flux is made. We have found hysteresis of the temperature overshoot (TOS) at the onset of nucleate boiling initially at the inlet section of the tube, before it gradually moved downstream section of the tube until the nucleate boiling occupied the whole section of the tube as the inlet temperature increased. The hysteresis became stronger at low refrigerant temperatures. The decreasing trend of heat flux after the contents of the whole tube boiled was different from the increasing trend. This paper provides a guideline how to design the evaporator in order to avoid the abnormal operation of the chillers. 相似文献
95.
Thermal conductivity of gallium arsenic nitride (GaAsN) epilayer on gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate prepared by molecular beam epitaxy technique was measured using pulsed photothermal reflectance technique. Three-layer model incorporated thermal boundary resistance was applied to extract the thermal properties from the sample's photothermal response. Within the thickness ranging from 20 to 80 nm, no thickness dependent relationship with thermal conductivity of GaAsN epilayer was found, and the average thermal conductivity is approximately 27 W/mK at room temperature. The thermal boundary resistance at the Au/GaAsN interface is in the order of 10−8 m2K/W. 相似文献
96.
Structural and electrochemical properties of vanadium oxide thin films grown by d.c. and r.f. reactive sputtering at room temperature 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Vanadium oxide thin films were grown at room temperature by direct current and radio-frequency reactive sputtering systems to compare the structural and electrochemical properties. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared measurements reveal that the composition of the as-deposited films consists of the V2O5 phase regardless of the deposition methods. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements show that the crystallinity of the as-deposited V2O5 films is different depending on the deposition method. Films deposited by direct current reactive sputtering were amorphous, whereas films deposited by radio-frequency reactive sputtering were crystalline. Scanning electron microscopy measurements show that the V2O5 films grown by radio-frequency reactive sputtering had a large grain size but the films grown by direct current reactive sputtering were amorphous. Charge–discharge measurements taken at room temperature with a constant current clearly indicate that the films grown by direct current sputtering demonstrated typical amorphous behavior, whereas the V2O5 films grown by radio-frequency sputtering demonstrated the discharge behavior of crystalline V2O5. The origin of the structural and electrochemical properties of film grown by radio-frequency reactive sputtering is a self-bias effect. The self-bias effect induces ion bombardment during the growth of vanadium oxide thin film. These results suggest that direct current reactive sputtering is more desirable for growing amorphous V2O5 thin film than radio-frequency reactive sputtering. 相似文献
97.
Shear horizontal waves are very useful in nondestructive evaluation applications because of their non-dispersive property.
The objective of this research is to investigate frequency-tuned shear horizontal wave transduction in plates by using magnetostrictive
nickel gratings. Since wireless energy conversion between magnetic energy and acoustic energy in magnetostrictive material
can take place, the generation and measurement of waves by the magnetostrictive principle have recently received much attention.
In this work, a grating-type magnetostrictive transducer was considered for SH wave transduction; waves can be effectively
tuned at desired frequencies by changing grating size and distance. The present experiments showed that the bias field strength
and grating width should be selected appropriately to avoid generating unwanted wave modes such as the S0-Lamb wave modes.
It is also confirmed from experiments that the grating distance controls the center (or tuning) frequency of the grating transducer. 相似文献
98.
Na Yoon Choi 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2019,56(1):41-54
ABSTRACTIn order to develop a methodology to guarantee the conformance to operational discharge limits for liquid effluent from a NPP at an early stage of design, a risk-informed approach was proposed and its applicability was verified for APR 1400. Existing methodology to calculate risk-based detection limit for a single radionuclide was improved by incorporating a new model to derive more realistic pathway dose factors. A new simple expression was also proposed to adjust risk-based detection limits for multiple radionuclides mixture if necessary. In addition, a new procedure to warrant the compliance with discharge limits by controlling detection limits of only a few principal radionuclides was established in accordance with risk-informed concept. Through case studies for APR 1400 to be commissioned at a hypothetical site, it was shown that calculated pathway dose factors are more realistic for majority of radionuclides. It also turns out that neither present detection limits nor unadjusted risk-based detection limits can be justified when the radionuclide composition is unknown, however further adjustment of detection limits or increasing additional dilution factor resolves the problem. Finally, ten principal radionuclides were identified and shown to be enough for liquid effluent control at APR 1400 from a risk-informed point of view. 相似文献
99.
This paper deals with verb-verb morphological disambiguation of two different verbs that have the same inflected form. The verb-verb morphological ambiguity (VVMA) is one of the critical Korean parts of speech (POS) tagging issues. The recognition of verb base forms related to ambiguous words highly depends on the lexical information in their surrounding contexts and the domains they occur in. However, current probabilistic morpheme-based POS tagging systems cannot handle VVMA adequately since most of them have a limitation to reflect a broad context of word level, and they are trained on too small amount of labeled training data to represent sufficient lexical information required for VVMA disambiguation.In this study, we suggest a classifier based on a large pool of raw text that contains sufficient lexical information to handle the VVMA. The underlying idea is that we automatically generate the annotated training set applicable to the ambiguity problem such as VVMA resolution via unlabeled unambiguous instances which belong to the same class. This enables to label ambiguous instances with the knowledge that can be induced from unambiguous instances. Since the unambiguous instances have only one label, the automatic generation of their annotated corpus are possible with unlabeled data.In our problem, since all conjugations of irregular verbs do not lead to the spelling changes that cause the VVMA, a training data for the VVMA disambiguation are generated via the instances of unambiguous conjugations related to each possible verb base form of ambiguous words. This approach does not require an additional annotation process for an initial training data set or a selection process for good seeds to iteratively augment a labeling set which are important issues in bootstrapping methods using unlabeled data. Thus, this can be strength against previous related works using unlabeled data. Furthermore, a plenty of confident seeds that are unambiguous and can show enough coverage for learning process are assured as well.We also suggest a strategy to extend the context information incrementally with web counts only to selected test examples that are difficult to predict using the current classifier or that are highly different from the pre-trained data set.As a result, automatic data generation and knowledge acquisition from unlabeled text for the VVMA resolution improved the overall tagging accuracy (token-level) by 0.04%. In practice, 9-10% out of verb-related tagging errors are fixed by the VVMA resolution whose accuracy was about 98% by using the Naïve Bayes classifier coupled with selective web counts. 相似文献
100.
Jong‐Chul Yoon Hyeong Ryeol Kam Jeong‐Mo Hong Shin Jin Kang Chang‐Hun Kim 《Computer Graphics Forum》2009,28(7):1853-1859
We propose a fast and effective technique to improve sub‐grid visual details of the grid based fluid simulation. Our method procedurally synthesizes the flow fields coming from the incompressible Navier‐Stokes solver and the vorticity fields generated by vortex particle method for sub‐grid turbulence. We are able to efficiently animate smoke which is highly turbulent and swirling with small scale details. Since this technique does not solve the linear system in high‐resolution grids, it can perform fluid simulation more rapidly. We can easily estimate the influence of turbulent and swirling effect to the fluid flow. 相似文献