一种新型水分散型IPBC杀菌剂及其性能

随着环保意识的不断提高和环保法规的逐步完善．涂料行业时VOC（挥发性有机化合物）和HMPs（有害物质）的控制进一步严格。我国现行的强制性国家标准中,内墙乳胶漆VOC含量要不超过200g／L,如果要获得绿色环保“十环标志”,则VOC的含量要低于100克g／L。2007年1月1日起．欧盟国家实施新的漆类标准中,要求每升水性漆VOC含量应低于100g．溶剂性漆的VOC含量应低于每升400g。涂料的水性化趋势越来越明显,水性涂料占据了越来越大的市场份额。 水性涂料以水为分散介质并富含各种可被微生物作为营养利用的添加剂．为微生物的生长繁殖提供了条件。当细菌、霉菌和酵母菌等微生物污染涂料后大量繁殖会导致涂料产生表面色变、pH值变化、使用性能变化、凝聚以及产生异味等一系列问题,从而使涂料产品失去价值造成巨大损失。随着水性涂料的广泛应用．控制微生物生长和繁殖从而避免涂料被污染．时于保证涂料产品的品质和使用效果是非常重要的。     

Aphid BCR4 Structure and Activity Uncover a New Defensin Peptide Superfamily

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are among the most detrimental insects for agricultural plants, and their management is a great challenge in agronomical research. A new class of proteins, called Bacteriocyte-specific Cysteine-Rich (BCR) peptides, provides an alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control. BCRs were initially identified in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. They are small disulfide bond-rich proteins expressed exclusively in aphid bacteriocytes, the insect cells that host intracellular symbiotic bacteria. Here, we show that one of the A. pisum BCRs, BCR4, displays prominent insecticidal activity against the pea aphid, impairing insect survival and nymphal growth, providing evidence for its potential use as a new biopesticide. Our comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses indicate that BCRs are restricted to the aphid lineage. The 3D structure of BCR4 reveals that this peptide belongs to an as-yet-unknown structural class of peptides and defines a new superfamily of defensins.     

Unilateral Cervical Vagotomy Modulates Immune Cell Profiles and the Response to a Traumatic Brain Injury

TBI induces splenic B and T cell expansion that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The vagus nerve, the longest of the cranial nerves, is the predominant parasympathetic pathway allowing the central nervous system (CNS) control over peripheral organs, including regulation of inflammatory responses. One way this is accomplished is by vagus innervation of the celiac ganglion, from which the splenic nerve innervates the spleen. This splenic innervation enables modulation of the splenic immune response, including splenocyte selection, activation, and downstream signaling. Considering that the left and right vagus nerves have distinct courses, it is possible that they differentially influence the splenic immune response following a CNS injury. To test this possibility, immune cell subsets were profiled and quantified following either a left or a right unilateral vagotomy. Both unilateral vagotomies caused similar effects with respect to the percentage of B cells and in the decreased percentage of macrophages and T cells following vagotomy. We next tested the hypothesis that a left unilateral vagotomy would modulate the splenic immune response to a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mice received a left cervical vagotomy or a sham vagotomy 3 days prior to a fluid percussion injury (FPI), a well-characterized mouse model of TBI that consistently elicits an immune and neuroimmune response. Flow cytometric analysis showed that vagotomy prior to FPI resulted in fewer CLIP+ B cells, and CD4+, CD25+, and CD8+ T cells. Vagotomy followed by FPI also resulted in an altered distribution of CD11b^high and CD11b^low macrophages. Thus, transduction of immune signals from the CNS to the periphery via the vagus nerve can be targeted to modulate the immune response following TBI.     

土木建筑CAD绘图教学中的几个关键问题

根据作者多年的CAD教学及工程制图的实践经验,分析了土木建筑CAD绘图中需重点解决的关键问题．论述了这些关键问题的解决方法,为CAD教学和土木建筑类专业的工程技术人员更好地进行工程绘图提供了有益参考。     

Does who you marry matter for your health? Influence of patients' and spouses' personality on their partners' psychological well-being following coronary artery bypass surgery.

Research suggests that presurgical personality attributes influence postsurgical well-being in both patients and their spouses in the context of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. The authors hypothesized that a spouse's characteristics would influence a partner's psychological well-being, regardless of whether he or she was the patient or the caregiver. In this study, 111 male patients and their caregiver spouses completed measures of neuroticism, optimism, perceived marital satisfaction, and depression prior to elective CABG. Follow-up was conducted at 18 months. As expected, higher caregiver presurgical neuroticism predicted higher patient depressive symptoms at follow-up, with caregiver's concurrent 18-month affect controlled for. Likewise, higher patient presurgical neuroticism predicted higher caregiver depressive symptoms at follow-up. Additionally, higher patient presurgical depressive symptoms and lower presurgical optimism contributed to greater caregiving burden. Relationship satisfaction moderated these effects. These results suggest that partners' personality traits are important determinants of both patients' and their caregiving spouses' well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

类脑计算新发展——“TrueNorth”神经元芯片

类脑计算是一种基于神经网络的全新数据存储和计算技术,通过模拟大脑的工作机理,可以突破传统计算机处理大型问题时遇到的冯·诺依曼瓶颈,在显著提高信息处理速度的同时大幅降低功耗,并且具有自我学习和自适应能力。介绍了IBM最新研究的TrueNorth神经元芯片技术,包括其基本架构、工作原理、芯片性能、应用成果等,并展望了类脑计算技术的未来发展前景。     

不同直链淀粉含量大米淀粉性质的研究

以4种不同直链淀粉含量的米淀粉为原料,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、全波长自动扫描仪,质构仪等对其颗粒形貌、淀粉-碘复合物性质、ATP指标及透明度性质进行观察研究。结果表明,不同直链淀粉含量的大米淀粉颗粒形貌差异不大,均呈现不规则多边形,表面不光滑;随着直链淀粉含量的增加,淀粉颗粒的平均链长和聚合度不断增大,优糯3号淀粉颗粒内部短链数量较多,随着直链淀粉含量的增加淀粉颗粒内部的长短链比率逐渐趋近于1;淀粉糊的质构性质测定显示出淀粉糊的硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性随着直链淀粉含量的增加呈现出明显的上升趋势,弹性随着直链淀粉含量的增加变化不大,而凝胶的粘聚性明显下降;糊透明度随直链淀粉含量的增大而不断降低。      

预浸泡对桃金娘果汁中抗氧化物质和抗氧化活性的影响

本研究将桃金娘整果分别浸泡在不同温度的水、盐酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸和亚硫酸氢钠溶液中10、20、30 min,分析不同处理对桃金娘果汁中总多酚、总花青素、总黄酮和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,在40⁶0℃水中浸泡,桃金娘果汁中总多酚、总花青素、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性显著降低,然而在80℃热水和1%盐酸中预浸泡可保持或增加抗氧化物含量。柠檬酸、抗坏血酸或NaHSO₃溶液能降低抗氧化物质的损失程度。同时研究了桃金娘中多酚氧化酶（PPO）和过氧化酶（POD）在不同pH和温度下的稳定性。温度达到100℃、pH小于2时PPO和POD活性才被完全抑制。因此不同的预浸泡方式影响桃金娘果汁PPO和POD的酶活,而抗氧化物质和抗氧化活性的稳定性与PPO和POD的活性负相关。