Studies concerning the effect of nitrogen on the oxidation behavior of TiAl-based intermetallics at 900°C

The oxidation behavior of the titanium aluminides Ti-50Al and Ti-48Al-5Nb has been investigated in Ar+20%O₂ and in air at 900°C. Thermogravimetric studies in combination with structural analyses using optical metallography, SEM/EDX and X-ray diffraction show a marked influence of nitrogen on the composition and growth rate of the oxide scales. For a more detailed study concerning the effect of nitrogen on the scale-growth kinetics, thermogravimetrical analyses were carried out during which the gas atmosphere was changed from air to Ar–O₂, and vice versa, without intermediate cooling of the specimen. The results show, that nitrogen adversely affects the formation of the initially formed alumina scale and that it enhances the growth rate of the rapidly growing Ti-rich oxide. This effect was observed in both alloys investigated, although the thermogravimetric results at first sight indicated an opposite effect for the Nb-containing alloy. This apparent contradiction is caused by internal oxidation which occurs in this alloy during exposure in Ar–O₂.     

表面修饰TiO2光催化薄膜的表征

利用射频磁控溅射技术，以Ar和O2气混合气体为溅射气体在载玻片上制备了锐钛相TiO2薄膜。为了提高Ti02薄膜的光催化活性，在TiO2薄膜表面进行了钽修饰。利用X射线衍射(XRD)，原子力显微镜(AFM)和UV-VIS-NIR分光光度计等技术对薄膜进行了表征。结果表明：对TiO2薄膜的表面进行适量的Ta元素修饰可以提高其光催化活性。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结过程中的相变

该文对不同温度下烧结的试样作了X－射线分析，测定了不同温度下，硬质相和粘结相的点阵常数，各主要组成相X射线的相对衍射强度，并对最终烧结体进行了能谱分析。通过以上实验，确定了Ti（C，N）基金属陶瓷烧结过程中所发生的相变、固溶等变化规律。     

用正交法研究稀土对20Cr钢渗碳的影响

研究了稀土种类与含量对渗碳的影响，结果表明，稀土在渗碳过程中有显著的活化催渗作用，渗碳速度提高１５％－２５％，耐磨性提高１２－１５％。通过采用二次回归正交法，对试验结果进行了统计处理，建立了渗碳温度，时间、稀土含量对渗层深度、表面硬度、表面硬度、耐磨性及冲击韧性的数学关系式。     

MODEL OF CLEAVAGE CRACK PROPAGATION ACROSS BOUNDARY

In the light of analysis of the features of cleavage fractographs of low carbon steel,the stresscriterion for cleavage crack propagation across ferrite grain boundary was established on thesupposition that resistance to the propagation results from an arbitrary mutual orientation ofthe cleavage plans in the neighbouring grains.On the basis of concept of statistical distribu-tion of cleavage plane in space,the probabilistic characteristic of cleavage process was ex-pounded,and the fracture stress of the cracked specimen over temperature range in whichfracture is initiated by cleavage mechanism was calculated by means of finite element analysisprogram and the calculated result was found to be in agreement with that measured.     

铱金属氧化物pH电极的表面修饰研究

采用离子选择性透过膜对铱金属氧化物pH电极进行表面修饰，提高了氧化物pH电极对氧化／还原性阴离子的抗干扰能力；研究了离子选择性透过膜修饰对电极的E-pH关系以及响应速度的影响；利用扫描电镜观察离子选择性透过膜的表面与截面孔径分布，优化了离子选择性膜的制备工艺；利用循环伏安法研究了氧化物电极在I^-溶液中的电化学行为；利用膜电位测定方法计算了膜内阴、阳离子透过系数t＋，t-，探讨了离子选择性透过机理。     

利用Ca（NO3）2-P2O5乙醇溶液体系制备纳米羟基磷灰石

使用Ca（NO3）2-P2O5乙醇溶液体系制备纳米羟基磷灰石，研究了在该体系中水浴温度、煅烧温度、陈化时间等因素对粉体的相成分，粒度和结晶度的影响。结果表明：水浴温度低，合成的粉体粒度小（约20nm），颗粒均匀且具有良好的分散性，但是结晶度较低；陈化后导致粉体粒度变大，结晶度增加；随着煅烧温度的升高，粉体的结晶度增加，600℃时可以得到结晶高的单一的羟基磷灰石粉体。在800℃煅烧时，羟基磷灰石发生部分分解。     

分子自组装制备的掺杂WO3的TiO2光催化薄膜的表征

利用分子自组装技术在载波片上制备了锐钛相TiO2及WO3掺杂的TiO2薄膜。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和UV-VIS-NIR分光光度计对薄膜进行了表征。利用对罗丹明B的降解评价了所制备薄膜的光催化活性。结果表明：当W／Ti=2at％时，TiO2薄膜的光催化活性得到提高。     

调制波长对Cu／Ni金属多层膜力学性能的影响

用电沉积法在低碳钢基体上制备了具有不同调制波长(一个调制波长等于单层Cu膜与单层Ni膜厚度之和)的Cu/Ni金属多层膜，研究了多层膜硬度与其中单层膜厚度之间的关系。结果表明，当膜厚在亚微米范围内时，Cu/Ni多层膜的屈服强度(为硬度值的1/3)与单层膜厚之间符合基于位错塞积模型的Hall-Pctch(H-P)关系式；而当单层膜厚小于100nm时，屈服强度与膜厚的关系偏离了H-P线性关系。基于程开甲等人位错稳定性理论首次对金属多层膜变形行为偏离Hall-Petch关系的现象作了定量解释。     

Compositional effect on hot cracking for binary alloys

Composition plays an important role in the hot cracking of alloys in the casting process. For the sake of simplicity, binary alloys are employed to study the effect of composition on hot cracking in this paper. The available experimental observations on the hot cracking of binary alloys are reanalyzed and a simple rule that reflects the compositional effect on hot cracking is proposed. The analysis shows that for most binary alloys the most important factor in hot cracking is the critical value at which the remaining fraction liquid for solidification till the eutectic temperature is about 1%. Hot cracking disappears at another critical content, at which the remaining fraction liquid at eutectic temperature is around 10%. The Scheil equation is employed to evaluate the variation in fraction solid and liquid in the assessments.