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991.
992.
993.
Summary Polysilanes with an optically active alkoxy group, i.e., (S)-(+)-2-butoxy, (R)-(-)-2-butoxy, (S)-(-)-2-methyl-1-butoxy, and (S)-(+)-3,7-dimethyl-1-octoxy, at the terminal positions, the chiral carbon centers of which were located at the α, β, and γ
positions relative to the oxygen, respectively, were prepared, and the effect of the position of chiral center of the terminal
optically active group on the induction of optical activity in polysilanes was investigated. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra
of these polymers showed positive Cotton signals around 340 nm at temperatures below -20 °C, but the intensities were small,
indicating that the optically active groups at the terminal positions have some ability, albeit small, to induce optical activity
to the polysilanes. Further, the optically active (S)-(+)-2-butoxy and (R)-(-)-2-butoxy groups did not control the helical sense direction of the polymers, despite the different chiral stimuli from
the 2-butoxy groups introduced to the terminal positions. To control the helical structure of polysilanes by the use of optically
active terminal groups, appropriate optically active groups are required. 相似文献
994.
Elisée Ouédraogo Leo Stroosnijder Abdoulaye Mando Lijbert Brussaard Robert Zougmoré 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2007,77(3):245-256
A field experiment was conducted in Gampela (Burkina Faso) in 2000 and 2001 to assess the impact of organic and mineral sources
of nutrients and combinations thereof in optimising crop production in till and no-till systems and to assess the economic
benefit of these options. The study showed that under conditions of rainfall deficiency, the use of a single organic resource
at an equivalent dose of 40 kg N ha−1 better secured crop yield than the application of an equivalent amount as urea-N, while a combination of organic resources
and fertiliser was better in increasing crop yield than the application of the same N amount in the form of urea. In a year
of rainfall deficiency, a mix of organic resources and fertiliser in both till and no-till systems increased crop water use
efficiency, with the result that the farmer was able to purchase only half of the normal quantity of N fertiliser to obtain
a higher yield that he would have done when all of the N was supplied in the form of urea. Under conditions where soil N is
deficient, an economic benefit was achieved when urea was combined with easily decomposable organic material (e.g. sheep dung);
mixing the urea at a dose of 40 kg N ha−1 with maize straw was not sufficient in alleviating the negative interaction due to the enhanced N immobilisation. The results
demonstrate that the use of N fertiliser alone was risky and that a higher yield, with the accompanying economic benefit,
was scarcely achieved under the prevailing rainfall conditions. The application of soil and water conservation measures can
contribute greatly to increasing the economic benefit of mineral, organic or combined organic and mineral-derived nutrient
application under semi-arid conditions. 相似文献
995.
Social network has extended its popularity from the Internet to mobile domain. Personal mobile devices can be self-organized and communicate with each other for instant social activities at any time and in any places to achieve pervasive social networking (PSN). In such a network, various content information flows. To which extent should mobile users trust it, whilst user privacy can also be preserved? Existing work has not yet seriously considered trust and reputation management, although trust plays an important role in PSN. In this paper, we propose PerContRep, a practical reputation system for pervasive content services that can assist trustworthy content selection and consumption in a pervasive manner. We develop a hybrid trust and reputation management model to evaluate node recommendation trust and content reputation in the context of frequent change of node pseudonyms. Simulations show the advantages of PerContRep in assisting user decisions and its effectiveness with regard to unfair rating attack, collaborative unfair rating attack, on-off attack and conflict behavior attack. A prototype system achieves positive user feedback on its usability and social acceptance. 相似文献
996.
Optimization of reduction potential for electroseparation was studied for the recovery of gold, copper, and lead from acidic
solution. A linear sweep voltammetric method enabled us to determine characteristic reduction potentials for each metal and
the kinetics of the metal deposition indicated by current-voltage curves. In order to precipitate the metal species sequentially,
reduction potentials were examined for the individual and mixed solutions of Au(III), Cu(II), and Pb(II). The three metals
were reasonably well isolated from the mixed solutions such as Cu(II)/ Pb(II) and Au(III)/Cu(II)/Pb(II) in the order of the
corresponding reduction potentials, in particular, the mass transfer controlled reduction potentials, obtained from linear
sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurement. 相似文献
997.
岩溶裂隙-管道是我国西南地区的主要地下储水空间和导水通道,落水洞是岩溶地区临时性吸收地表水流的重要过水通道,在西南地区分布密集。开展落水洞大小对裂隙-管道介质中泉流量过程影响的研究,对指导岩溶水可持续开发利用和推动岩溶水研究具有深刻意义。文章研究了落水洞对泉流量衰减过程的影响,利用自制的裂隙-管道物理模型,模拟落水洞不同断面尺寸、填充程度下的泉流量衰减过程,由衰减曲线探求衰减系数受不同因子的敏感程度。试验表明:泉流量衰减过程可分为三个亚动态,大致符合指数型衰减。其中,第一亚动态的衰减系数受落水洞断面尺寸影响较大,落水洞断面尺寸越小,衰减系数越大;落水洞的填充程度越高,衰减系数越大。 相似文献
998.
二氧化碳捕集与封存(CCS)各工艺过程的设计、运行都依赖于对CO2及其混合物热物理性质的深入理解。同时,CCS的规模化发展和商业化进程,对CO2混合物及其热物性的准确性提出了更高的要求。本文从实验数据、理论模型和典型应用3个方面综述了CO2及其混合物热物性的发展现状,并尝试对发展趋势进行归纳。在实验研究方面,CO2混合体系的研究进展视组分不同,差异较大,其中CO2-N2、CO2-CH4、CO2-H2O和CO2-H2二元体系已形成较完善的物性数据库,而CO2-NH3、CO2-NO x 和CO2-CO体系的物性数据还比较欠缺;在物性估算方面,面向CCS的物性估算模型研究自2008年开始活跃,基于不同理论构架,目前已逐步形成面向CCS的多元化的物性估算体系。物性研究在CCS中的应用主要体现在物性是支撑CCS过程研究的基础,其不准确性在过程模拟或计算中会被“放大”,从而影响过程评估的准确性,本文从物性在循环构建和能效分析中的作用以及CO2水合物的形成3个方面入手做了说明。文章最后对面向CCS的物性研究趋势进行了梳理,对分子模拟技术、通用性强的物性估算模型和物性在过程设计和循环分析中的角色进行了展望。 相似文献
999.
1000.
随着社会经济发展,生产生活用水长期挤占生态环境用水,造成河道断流、生境破坏、生态系统恶化等一系列生态环境问题。针对淮河流域目前的水生态环境问题,以淮河中游鱼类为研究对象,通过分析河段天然流量过程,以淮河流域生态恢复为目标,建立鱼类保护目标概念模型,采用IHA及EFC指标体系分析天然流量变化特性,并用HEC-RAS模型基于鱼类生态水力需求确定流量值大小,得出符合天然流量动态变化且满足不同等级生境目标需求的生态需水推荐结果,可为淮河流域水资源优化配置提供依据。 相似文献