“两宽一高”地震资料在花岗岩潜山储层表征中的应用——以乍得邦戈盆地为例

随着乍得邦戈盆地在L-1井区的花岗岩潜山获得油气发现,在该区开展了“两宽一高”（宽方位、宽频带、高密度）的油气勘探地震资料采集处理解释一体化技术攻关。充分利用“两宽一高”地震资料的高信噪比、全方位观测、低频信号的强穿透能力和抗干扰能力等优势,有效提高了潜山顶面偏移成像质量,获得了丰富的潜山内幕信息,为花岗岩型潜山的储层表征和潜山目标评价奠定了良好基础。本文基于“两宽一高”地震资料提出了花岗岩潜山复杂储层表征技术,根据储层的储集空间组合特征、储层类型、岩石物理特征和对应的地震响应特征,将花岗质基岩潜山储层序列划分为风化淋滤带、缝洞发育带、半充填裂缝发育带和致密带;将裂缝型和孔隙型储层分类表征,孔隙型储层通过地震多属性融合和地震反演技术进行储层定性和定量预测,裂缝型储层结合区域构造特征,分别应用曲率体、相干和OVT域地震属性等进行裂缝识别与预测;综合裂缝预测和孔隙型储层预测结果进行储层评价和优质储层预测。该配套技术在乍得邦戈盆地的实践表明,应用“两宽一高”地震资料及针对性配套技术,能有效提高邦戈盆地花岗岩潜山储层预测的精度和勘探成功率,在B区块实施的潜山探井成功率高达79%。     

沧东凹陷孔二段细粒沉积岩致密油甜点预测

针对孔二段细粒沉积岩致密油储层薄、岩性复杂、纵横向变化快、地震资料分辨率低、常规手段预测难度大的问题,应用“逐级剥离”的方法预测甜点。首先通过单井岩电特征及模型正演分析明确了不同甜点段的地震响应特征,通过井震结合分析了不同岩相的振幅、频率特性,并构建振幅、频率融合属性预测岩性;然后通过优选敏感特征曲线反演预测甜点,预测出孔二段细粒沉积岩致密油甜点区的分布,有效指导了细粒沉积岩致密油勘探的选区,提高了钻探的成功率。通过逐级剥离的方法,预测出小集地区、官西高斜坡区、孔西低斜坡区等三个Ek₂¹细粒沉积岩致密油甜点区,合计面积达185km²。展示了沧东凹陷孔二段致密油勘探的良好前景,同时证实了文中的致密油甜点预测方法具有一定的实用性。     

催化裂化汽油固体碱脱硫-固定床脱臭组合工艺的开发

在对活性剂、活化剂等对固体碱脱除硫化氢性能影响研究的基础上,对催化裂化汽油固体碱脱硫-固定床脱臭组合工艺进行了实验室小试,结果表明,固体碱完全可以取代液体碱而用于催化裂化汽油的精制.相对于液体碱洗-固定床脱臭工艺,无论再生前还是再生后,固体碱脱硫-固定床脱臭组合工艺使装置运转时间延长一倍以上.介绍了该组合工艺的流程设计和工业应用.     

用介孔材料制备定向碳纳米管的研究进展

综述了近年来采用介孔材料制备定向碳纳米管的研究进展,包括介孔材料的合成及介孔材料在制备定向碳纳米管方面的应用。重点介绍了采用合成介孔材料的模板剂石墨化及介孔材料作为载体制备定向碳纳米管的方法,探讨了模板剂种类、催化剂的制备方法及反应温度和时间对定向碳纳米管生长的影响和定向碳纳米管生长的介孔限制机理,并提出了这一领域的研究方向。     

紧凑折反式仿生复眼及图像快速拼接识别算法

针对多相机阵列复眼质量大与图像数据生成量高的问题,开展多通道-单探测器构型的大视场仿生复眼成像系统及其图像快速拼接识别算法的研究。通过光路折反与光程归一的方式,实现多视角子眼共像面与分区成像。根据折反式复眼成像特征,提出特征图级下基于区域结构相似性的图像快速拼接算法。配合目标识别卷积神经网络,实现紧凑空间下大视场全局图像的快速重建与目标识别。所提出的复眼系统有效光学视场角为138°×75°、光学尺寸为29.78 mm×19.74 mm×6.86 mm、全局图像拼接速度为0.011 s。紧凑型折反式仿生复眼具有体积小、视场大、计算开销少的特点,能够为载荷与算力受限的小型无人设备与低速弹箭提供广域视觉成像与快速图像拼接识别能力。     

Photocatalytic Valorization of Plastic Waste over Zinc Oxide Encapsulated in a Metal–Organic Framework

The conversion of waste plastic into high-value-added chemicals is regarded as a promising approach for relieving global plastic pollution and contributing to the circular economy. Herein, a partial calcination strategy is developed to fabricate a zinc oxide/UiO66-NH₂ (ZnO/UiO66-NH₂) heterojunction, in which ZnO is encapsulated in porous UiO66-NH₂ for the photocatalytic valorization of plastic. This strategy preserves the framework structure of UiO66-NH₂, thus enabling the formation of ZnO with ultra-small size distributed inside the skeleton. The synergistic effect of the obtained ZnO/UiO66-NH₂ heterojunction facilitates providing an efficient channel for carrier/mass transfer and guarantees structural stability. As a result, ZnO/UiO66-NH₂ exhibits high activity for converting polylactic acid (PLA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) into acetic acid, coupled with H₂ production. This work provides a feasible strategy for rationally designing heterojunction photocatalysts, as well as an insight into understanding the process of photocatalytic valorization of plastic.     

10.6μm激光对石英晶体的辐照效应

用连续波10.6μm CO2激光辐照石英晶体基片表面,利用X射线衍射分析仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、荧光光度计等对辐照前后晶体相变、透射-吸收特性和表面缺陷进行了测试、分析。研究表明,经10.6μm激光辐照后石英晶体样品表面的相结构发生了一定的转变,其吸收率降低而透射率增加,而且晶体表面缺陷得到一定的修复。石英晶体在CO2激光辐照下,经历了一个快速升温和降温的过程,较高温度及热应力作用是导致石英晶体表面微观结构及光学性能变化的主要原因。     

Moisture Sensitive Smart Yarns and Textiles from Self‐Balanced Silk Fiber Muscles

Smart textiles that sense, interact, and adapt to environmental stimuli have provided exciting new opportunities for a variety of applications. However, current advances have largely remained at the research stage due to the high cost, complexity of manufacturing, and uncomfortableness of environment‐sensitive materials. In contrast, natural textile materials are more attractive for smart textiles due to their merits in terms of low cost and comfortability. Here, water fog and humidity‐driven torsional and tensile actuation of thermally set twisted, coiled, plied silk fibers, and weave textiles from these silk fibers are reported. When exposed to water fog, the torsional silk fiber provides a fully reversible torsional stroke of 547° mm^?1. Coiled‐and‐thermoset silk yarns provide a 70% contraction when the relative humidity is changed from 20% to 80%. Such an excellent actuation behavior originates from water absorption‐induced loss of hydrogen bonds within the silk proteins and the associated structural transformation, which are corroborated by atomistic and macroscopic characterization of silk and molecular dynamics simulations. With its large abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and comfortability for wearing, the silk muscles will open up additional possibilities in industrial applications, such as smart textiles and soft robotics.