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21.
Uphill transport of ammonium ions through a membrane with sulfonic acid groups were investigated with pH-controllers which keep the solution at a constant pH. A membrane with sulfonic acid groups was prepared by casting an aqueous solution containing poly(styrenesulfonic acid) and poly(vinyl alcohol) on a glass plate. When a membrane with one side alkaline and the other acidic was fixed as a diaphragm in a cell, ammonium ions were transported from the alkaline side to the acidic side through the membrane against the concentration gradient of the adjacent solutions. Uphill transport of ammonium ions with pH-controllers was more efficient than without, thus keeping the pH difference between both sides of the membrane constant, which is a driving force for the uphill transport. Furthermore, the effect of pH of the acidic side on the uphill transport was investigated and the mechanism of the pH-controlled uphill transport is discussed. 相似文献
22.
Arachidonic acid hydroperoxide (15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; 15-HPETE) was introduced into human parotid saliva and
incubated at 37°C. Straight phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the reaction mixture showed that 15-HPETE
was detoxified to its reduced form, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, in the presence of glutathione. Therefore, it is concluded
that human parotid saliva possesses fatty acid hydroperoxide-reducing ability. However, its effectiveness was found to be
lower than that of blood plasma. 相似文献
23.
An industrial melt‐spinning process of tetrafluoroethylene– hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) using an extruder was studied. The novel “spinneret,” having both a large‐diameter spinning nozzle and a high‐temperature vessel, was used to solve the problem of filament breakage on the spinning line caused by high melting viscosity of FEP. The extruder, with its long feed zone, was newly designed to function with a geared pump. The strength of fibers increased with drawing of as‐spun fiber. FEP fibers up to six denier were continuously produced through long‐run production. According to this new process, FEP fibers can be supplied for textile or industrial application. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2366–2371, 2002 相似文献
24.
Summary The chemical process of preparing poly(vinylchloride)-polypyrrole composite films with high electrical conductivity and transparency has been studied. Pyrrole has been diffused into the poly(vinylchloride) matrix in the swelling medium of n-hexane and acetone mixture. The oxidative polymerization of the diffused pyrrole in the binary solvent system of acetonitrile and methanol gives high conductivity of the polypyrrole as well as the good penetration of the oxidant into the PVC polymer matrix. The analytical testing of the composite film shows the formation of homogeneous mixture of polypyrrole and poly(vinylchloride) conductive layer within the 1.0m of thickness on the film surface. The transparency of the composite film showed about 50–60% at 500 nm. The electrical conductivity of the composite was about 20 s/cm. 相似文献
25.
At temperature above 300°C the glycosyl units of cellulose are simultaneously depolymerized to a tar and decomposed to a char by evolution of H2O, CO, and CO2. When the glycosyl units are depleted, a stable char is formed containing about 30% aliphatic and 70% aromatic components. The aliphatic component is formed first, but on further heating is converted to polycyclic aromatic structures. The chars formed at lower temperatures are more combustible because the aliphatic component of the char is highly pyrophoric and is oxidized almost at the same temperature at which it is formed (~360°C). The aromatic component, however, is less reactive and is oxidized at ~520°C. Consequently, the chars formed at higher temperatures are less combustible. It has been shown that (NH4)2HPO4, which is a well-known flame retardant and smoldering inhibitor, lowers the pyrolysis temperature and increases the char yield by accelerating the decomposition reactions. This affects the composition of the intermediate chars but the final products have about the same composition irrespective of additives. (NH4)2HPO4 also lowers the rate of oxidation of the aromatic component and the corresponding heat release. NaCl, which is an enhancer of smoldering combustion, has a slight stabilizing effect on pyrolysis of cellulose. It lowers the oxidation temperature of the aromatic component and dramatically increases its rate. The corresponding heat release is also increased due to complete oxidation to CO2. The rate of oxidation calculated from the dynamic thermal analysis data is more than tripled by NaCl and significantly reduced by (NH4)2HPO4. 相似文献
26.
Yasuhiro Jimbo Yuki Tamatsukuri Minato Ito Kohei Yokoyama Yoshiharu Hirakata Shunpei Yamazaki 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2015,23(7):313-318
To improve the reliability and mechanical durability of a flexible organic light‐emitting diode display, the entire flexible display is coated with an aluminum oxide film by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Because the step coverage of ALD is excellent, the AlOx film was deposited not only on the front and back surfaces but also on the side surfaces of the display. A high‐temperature and high‐humidity preservation test, repetitive bending tests, and a pencil hardness test were conducted on the flexible display with ALD‐AlOx coating. The display survived 500 h of a 65°C, 95% preservation test, endured a 100,000‐time repetitive bending test with a curvature radius of 4 mm, and was found to have a pencil hardness of 4H. 相似文献
27.
Computational Visual Media - Iris folding is an art-form consisting of layered strips of paper, forming a spiral pattern behind an aperture, which can be used to make cards and gift tags. This... 相似文献
28.
Yuki Takenaka Norihiro Abe Yoshihiro Tabuchi Hirokazu Taki Shoujie He 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2009,14(2):224-227
This research was aimed at making a robot that can go and get an object designated by the user. We produced a robot control
system that uses pointing and voice control. This control system is composed of two systems. One system is the object instruction
system that uses pointing, and the other is the object instruction system that uses voice. The approximate position of a designated
object is recognized by the object instruction system that uses pointing, and information about the object and instructions
about the operation are conveyed by the object instruction system that uses voice. This time, the object instruction system
that uses pointing has been designed and verified as the first step. A calculation resource to calculate the approximate position
of the designated object is obtained when the user points directly at the object. A robot can be moved around a designated
object by using this system. The object instruction system that uses voice will be constructed in future work. 相似文献
29.
Tsusaka Y Suzuki H Yamashita K Kunieda H Tawara Y Ogasaka Y Uchibori Y Honda H Itoh M Awaki H Tsunemi H Hayashida K Nomoto S Wada M Miyata E Serlemitsos PJ Jalota L Soong Y 《Applied optics》1995,34(22):4848-4856
The x-ray properties of multinested thin-foil mirror x-ray telescopes (XRT's) on board ASCA, the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics, were fully evaluated with an x-ray pencil beam.Scanning over the telescope aperture of 35 cm in diameter with an x-ray pencil beam, we found the effective area of a set of XRT's to be 325, 200, and 113 cm(2) at energies of 1.5, 4.5, and 8.0 keV, respectively. We derive the point-spread functions (PSF's) of the XRT's by measuring the image profile at the focal plane with an x-ray CCD. The PSF is found to exhibit a sharp core concentrated within 30 arcsec and a broad wing extended to 3 arcmin in half-power diameter. We also evaluate the contribution of stray light, which is caused by the single reflection of x rays by primary or secondary mirrors and by the backside reflection of the mirrors. To obtain the characteristics of the XRT in the energy region of 0.5-10.0 keV, incorporated with the measurements at discrete energies, we develop a ray-tracing method with the telescope design parameter, the PSF, and optical constants. In particular, we obtain the optical constants around the gold-atom M shell (Au-M) absorption-edge energies by measuring the reflectivity of our mirror sample, with monochromatized x-rays in the energy range of 2.0-3.5 keV from synchrotron radiation. Taking into account the PSF's and optical constants, we find that our ray-tracing program can reproduce all these XRT performances. 相似文献
30.
Yuki Akinaga Tokuhisa Kawawaki Hinano Kameko Yuki Yamazaki Kenji Yamazaki Yuhi Nakayasu Kosaku Kato Yuto Tanaka Adie Tri Hanindriyo Makito Takagi Tomomi Shimazaki Masanori Tachikawa Akira Yamakata Yuichi Negishi 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(33):2303321
Single-atom (SA) catalysts exhibit high activity in various reactions because there are no inactive internal atoms. Accordingly, SA cocatalysts are also an active research fields regarding photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution which can be generated by abundant water and sunlight. Herein, it is investigated whether 10 transition metal elements can work as an SA on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4; i.e., gCN), a promising visible-light-driven photocatalyst. A method is established to prepare SA-loaded gCN at high loadings (weight of ≈3 wt.% for Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru) by modulating the photoreduction power. Regarding Au and Ag, SAs are formed with difficulty without aggregation because of the low binding energy between gCN and the SA. An evaluation of the photocatalytic H2-evolution activity of the prepared metal SA-loaded gCN reveals that Pd, Pt, and Rh SA-loaded gCN exhibits relatively high H2-evolution efficiency per SA. Transient absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements reveal the following: i) Pd SA-loaded gCN exhibits a particularly suitable electronic structure for proton adsorption and ii) therefore they exhibit the highest H2-evolution efficiency per SA than other metal SA-loaded gCN. Finally, the 8.6 times higher H2-evolution rate per active site of Pd SA is achieved than that of Pd-nanoparticles cocatalyst. 相似文献